Index

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tɑ˥ tɑ˥mo˩ tɑ˧ a tɑ˧dzi˩ tɑ˧gɤ˩ tɑ˧ho˧ tɑ˧ko˧ tɑ˧ko˩ tɑ˧nɑ˩ tɑ˧pi˧ tɑ˧pi˧ tɑ˧pv˩ tɑ˧pʰi˩ tɑ˧~tɑ˧ tɑ˧~tɑ˧ tɑ˩ a tɑ˩dv˧˥ tɑ˩dʑɤ#˥ tɑ˩ɖʐo˧dzi˧˥ tɑ˩hwɤ˩ tɑ˩kɤ˧ tɑ˩li˥ tɑ˩mv˩ tɑ˩so˩kʰo˥ tɑ˧˥ tɑ˧˥ a tæ˧pv˩ tæ˧ɻæ˩ ti˧ ti˧ɖo˥ ti˧pʰv#˥ ti˧tsɯ˥ ti˧ʈʂʰɯ˩ ti˩ a ti˩pʰo˩ ti˩tje˧ ti˧˥ ti˧˥ a tjɤ˧hwɑ˧˥ tjɤ˧po˧ to˥ a to˧bɤ#˥ to˧kɤ#˥ to˧kɤ˧qʰæ˩di˩ | -bæ˩bæ˩˥ to˧qɑ˧ to˧~to˧ b to˩ a to˩ a to˩ a to˩bi#˥ to˩bi˩ to˩kʰv˩mi˥ to˩mi˩ to˩mi˩ to˩pi˩ to˩pv˧ to˩qo˩lv˥ to˩qo˧˥ to˩to˧mi˥ to˩ʈɯ˩ to˩zo˩ to˩˥ tv˧ a tv˧ a tv˧ a tv˧ɕi˩ tv˧po˩ tv˧qʰv˧ tv˧tv˥ tv˧tsʰɯ˧ tv˧tsʰɯ˧li˧di˩ tv˩ɭɯ˧˥ tv˩tv˩ tv˧˥ tv˧˥ tʰɑ˧‑ tʰɑ˧-ni˥-ni˩-gv˩ tʰɑ˩lo˧ tʰɑ˩mi#˥ tʰɑ˩pʰv#˥ tʰɑ˩tʰɑ˩ tʰɑ˩zo#˥ tʰɑ˩-ʐwæ˧mi˧ tʰɑ˧˥ tʰɑ˧˥ tʰɑ˩˥ tʰæ˧ɻæ˩ tʰæ˩tsɯ˧ tʰi˧‑ tʰi˧ tʰi˩ a tʰi˩mi#˥ tʰi˩zo#˥ tʰi˩˥ tʰi˩˥ tʰo˥ a tʰo˥ a tʰo˧ɕi˧˥ tʰo˧dzi˩ tʰo˧dzi˩-hwæ˩tsɯ˩ tʰo˧fv˧ tʰo˧li˧ tʰo˧li˧kʰv˧˥ tʰo˧li˧-mi˩ tʰo˧li˧-pʰv#˥ tʰo˧li˧-zo#˥ tʰo˧-mo˩ tʰo˧ɻæ˥ tʰo˧tɕo˧ tʰo˧tsʰe˧-ʁwɤ#˥ tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥ tʰo˧ʐv˥ tʰo˩ a tʰo˩lo˧ tʰo˩pʰv˧tɕʰɤ˧ tʰo˩ʁæ˩ tʰo˩ʂv˩ tʰo˩tɕi˧˥ tʰv˥ tʰv˥ tʰv˥ tʰv˧ a tʰv˧ b tʰv˧gi˧ tʰv˧-hɑ̃˩-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ tʰv˧-kʰv˩-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ tʰv˧-ɬi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥-zo˩ tʰv˧ne-ʝi˥ tʰv˧ɲi#˥ tʰv˧ɲi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥-zo˩ tʰv˧qo˧ tʰv˧-se˩-gɤ˩ tʰv˧-si˥ tʰv˧-sɯ˩kv˩ tʰv˧-ʂɯ˥-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ tʰv˩ b tʰv˧˥ tʰv˧˥ tʰv˧˥ a tɕæ˧hæ˩ tɕæ˧pʰv˩ tɕɤ tɕɤ˥ tɕɤ˧jo˩ tɕɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ tɕɤ˧tɑ˧ tɕɤ˧tɑ˧-bæ˩ tɕɤ˧~tɕɤ˧ tɕɤ˩ tɕɤ˩ho˩tsɯ˥ tɕɤ˧˥ tɕi˥ tɕi˧ tɕi˧ tɕi˧ a tɕi˧do˩ tɕi˧-dʑɯ˩ tɕi˧kwɤ˧ tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧ tɕi˧tɕi˧ | læ˩sæ˧-dzi˩ tɕi˩ a tɕi˩nv˧˥ tɕi˩qɑ˥ tɕi˧˥ tɕi˩˥ tɕo˥ tɕo˩ɕjo˧ tɕo˩mv˧ tɕɯ˥ tɕɯ˧ tɕɯ˧ b tɕɯ˧ɭɯ˧ tɕɯ˧mi˥$ tɕɯ˧pv˧ tɕɯ˧sɯ˧˥ tɕɯ˧wɤ˧ tɕɯ˧zo˥$ tɕɯ˩ a tɕɯ˩lv˩ho˥ tɕɯ˩ɭɯ˩ tɕɯ˩mi˥ tɕɯ˧˥ tɕɯ˧˥ tɕɯ˧˥ tɕɯ˧˥ tɕɯ˧˥ a tɕɯ˧˥ a tɕɯ˩˥ tɕʰɤ˧ɲi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥ tɕʰɤ˧pɤ˧-mi#˥ tɕʰɤ˧ʂo#˥ tɕʰɤ˧ti#˥ tɕʰɤ˧tɕʰɤ˧˥ tɕʰɤ˩lv˩ tɕʰɤ˩ʈʂv˧ tɕʰɤ˧˥ tɕʰi˥ tɕʰi˧ b tɕʰi˧ b tɕʰi˧ɖv#˥ tɕʰi˧nɑ˥ tɕʰi˧ʈʂʰɤ˥ tɕʰi˩ b tɕʰi˩tsɯ˧ tɕʰo˩ tɕʰo˩ a tɕʰo˩mi#˥ tɕʰo˩qʰwɤ˧ tɕʰo˩zo#˥ tɕʰo˧˥ tɕʰo˩˧ tɕʰɯ˥ tɕʰɯ˧ a tɕʰɯ˧ a tɕʰɯ˧bo˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧lo#˥ tɕʰɯ˧si˩-dʑɤ˩pv˩ tɕʰɯ˧sɯ˥ tɕʰɯ˩ a tɕʰɯ˩di˩ tɕʰɯ˩di˩kʰv˩ tɕʰɯ˩mi#˥ tɕʰɯ˩pʰv#˥ tɕʰɯ˩-ʁo˩-tɕʰɯ˥! tɕʰɯ˩~tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˩zo#˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˧˥ tɕʰɯ˩˥ tsɑ˧ tsɑ˧bɤ˧ tsɑ˧ʐo˩ tsɑ˩ tsɑ˩tɕi˩ tsɑ˧˥ tsɑ˧˥ tsæ˧qæ˥ tse˧bæ˥ tse˧bo#˥ tse˧di#˥ tse˧kʰo˩ tse˧lv˥ tse˧mi˥ tse˧mi˥-dʑɯ˩ʁo˩ tse˩ a tse˩ a tse˩ a tse˩pʰæ˧˥ tse˩qwæ˧˥ tse˩tɑ˧˥ tse˩ʈʂʰv˩ tse˩ʈʂʰv˩-kʰv˥ tse˩˥ tsɤ˧ tsɤ˧ tsɤ˧ tsɤ˧ tsɤ˧ɖɯ˧ tsɤ˧ʁo˧-tsʰi˧ʁo˥ tsɤ˧ʑi˧ tsɤ˩pʰv˧-tsɤ˥li˩ tsi˥ tsi˧ a tsi˧ b tsi˧gi˥$ tsi˩ a tsi˩ɭɯ˩ tsi˩ɭɯ˩-bv˧ | -qʰæ˩bæ˩˥ tso˧kʰwɤ#˥ tso˧lo˧-mv˥tso˩ tso˧qwɤ˧ tso˧tso#˥ tso˩ c tso˩ a tso˩qʰv˩ɻ˥ tso˩~tso˧˥ tsɯ˥ tsɯ˥ tsɯ˧ tsɯ˩ a tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩ tsɯ˧˥ tsʰɑ˧bo#˥ tsʰɑ˧kv˩ tsʰɑ˧tɕɤ˧˥ tsʰɑ˩pʰɑ˩lɑ˥ tsʰe#˥ tsʰe˧ tsʰe˧do˧˥ tsʰe˧ɖɯ˧ tsʰe˧hṽ˧˥ tsʰe˧jɤ˧mi˥ tsʰe˧kʰv˧ tsʰe˧ɬi˧mi˧ tsʰe˧ɲi˧ tsʰe˧qʰɑ˩ tsʰe˧so˧ tsʰe˧so˧˥ tsʰe˧ʂɯ˧ tsʰe˧tʰv#˥ tsʰe˧ʈʂæ˧ tsʰe˩ b tsʰe˩ b tsʰe˩gv˩ tsʰe˩hõ˩ tsʰe˩ŋwɤ˩ tsʰe˩ŋwɤ˩ɲi˩˥ tsʰe˩qʰv˩ tsʰe˩qʰv˩ɲi˩˧ tsʰe˩ʐv˩ tsʰɤ˩ a tsʰɤ˧˥ tsʰɤ˧˥ tsʰɤ˧˥ tsʰɤ˧˥ tsʰɤ˧˥ a tsʰi#˥ tsʰi˥ a tsʰi˧ tsʰi˧ tsʰi˧ b tsʰi˧bv˩ tsʰi˧ʝi#˥ tsʰi˧ɲi#˥ tsʰi˧qʰæ˧˥ tsʰi˧si˩-dʑɤ˩pv˩ tsʰi˧ti#˥ tsʰi˧zi#˥ tsʰi˧zi˧-ɻ̃#˥ tsʰi˩ a tsʰi˩mv˩tʰv˩ tsʰi˩tv˩ tsʰi˩tsʰi˩ tsʰi˧˥ tsʰi˧˥ tsʰi˧˥ tsʰi˧˥ tsʰi˧˥ tsʰo˧ b tsʰo˧ɖɯ˩ tsʰo˧ɖwæ#˥ tsʰo˧ko˧ tsʰo˧pæ#˥ tsʰo˧pjɤ˧ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi#˥ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi˧-bæ˥bæ˩ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧zo#˥ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˩ tsʰo˧ʁo#˥ tsʰo˧tsɯ˧ tsʰo˩ tsʰo˩mo˩ tsʰo˩tsɯ˧ tsʰo˧˥ tsʰɯ˧hṽ˥$ tsʰɯ˧mi˥$ tsʰɯ˧mi˧to˧qɑ˥$ tsʰɯ˧mi˧-to˧qɑ˥ tsʰɯ˧pʰv#˥ tsʰɯ˧ɻ#˥ tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-pʰi˩tsʰo˩ tsʰɯ˧ʂwæ˥ tsʰɯ˧-to˧qɑ˥ tsʰɯ˧zo#˥ tsʰɯ˧zo˥$ tsʰɯ˩ a tsʰɯ˩tsʰɯ˩ɻ̃˩ tsʰɯ˧˥ tsʰɯ˧˥ tsʰv˩˥

tɑ˥ adjective Tone: H. reliable. 可靠. adjective. le˧-tɑ˥ (| ʐwæ˩˥) very reliable 很靠谱 le˧ mɤ˧-tɑ˥ (| ʐwæ˩˥) not reliable at all 不靠谱 no˧ | le˧-mɤ˧-tɑ˥-hĩ˩ ɖɯ˧-v˧ ɲi˩! You are an irresponsible person! / You are not a reliable person! 你是不靠谱的人！ tɑ˥mo˩ verb Tone: HL. classifier: to_wilt. 萎蔫. language. lə˧-tɑ˥mo˩-ze˩! It has wilted! 萎蔫了！ tɑ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_dry_beside/over_a_fire. 烘干. verb. kwɤ˧-kʰɯ˧ tʰi˧-tɑ˧ to warm up (food...) beside a fire 放在火炉旁边热一下（饭） tɑ˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. village_name. 村落名. place name. ɬi˧ki˧, | ɲi˧se˩, | tɑ˧dzi˩, | mv˧qʰwæ˩, | lɑ˧tʰɑ˧-di˧˥ Villages that one passes when moving away from the Yongning plain, towards Lugu lake. These villages do not count as part of Yongning proper. The last, /lɑ˧tʰɑ˧-di˧˥/ , is not a village name like the preceding four: it refers to the entire Na area beyond the fourth village. 永宁到泸沽湖所经过的村落，依次是：里格、尼赛、大祖、木垮，然后到拉塔地（拉塔地指的是泸沽湖周边的摩梭地区，包括左所、洛水村等） tɑ˧gɤ˩ adjective Tone: L#. gaunt. 瘦弱. verb. tɑ˧ho˧ adverb Tone: M. together. 一起. morphosyntax. ɖɯ˧-ʁwɤ˧ tɑ˧ho˧ kʰi˧˥ The whole village went together. 全村一起去了。 tɑ˧ho˧ ʝi˧ to work together 一起工作 tɑ˧ho˧ tsʰo˧ to dance together 一起跳舞 tɑ˧ko˧ verb Tone: M. From: Chinese 打工 . 打工::to_do_manual_work. 打工（ 借词） . verb. tɑ˧ko˧ hɯ˧-ze˩! (S)he has gone (to the city, to another place...) to do odd jobs to make some money! （他）打工去了！ tɑ˧ko˩ verb Tone: L#. to_delay. 耽误. verb. hĩ˧ tɑ˧ko˥ to delay people 耽误人家 ʈʂʰɯ˧ hĩ˧ tɑ˧ko˥ | ʐwæ˩˥! (S)he delays people a lot! 他耽误大家很多！ tɑ˧nɑ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: pɤ˩ classifier: nɑ˧ crossbow. 弩弓. object. tɑ˧pi˧ adjective Tone: M. identical/like. 如、像、像……那样. morphosyntax. no˧-bi˧ tɑ˩pi˩, ... like you; following your example 像你 njɤ˧-bi˧ tɑ˩pi˩… like me; following my example 像我 no˧=ɻ˩-bv˩, | njɤ˧=ɻ˩-bv˩, | tɑ˧pi˧! Yours and ours are built on the same pattern / are identical! (Context: discussing the farms of the village: they are all built on the same model, in the same way, and thus identical.) 你家的房子，我家的房子，都是一样的！（如：一个村子里的房子，都是按同一个模式建设的。） no˧-ɳɯ˧ gv˩, | njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧-gv˩, | tɑ˧pi˧! Whether it's you or me who's building [the house], it's the same / the result is the same! 无论是谁来盖房，盖出来的都一样！ ʈʂʰɯ˧-bi˩ | tɑ˧pi˧, | njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ dɑ˧-bi˥-ze˩! I am going to build [a house] like that one! / I am going to build [a house] that will be identical to his! 我要盖跟这一样的房子！ tɑ˧pi˧ verb Tone: M. From: Chinese 打比 . 打比::to_take_as_example. 打比方（ 借词） . verb. tɑ˧pi˧-ze˩ pfv 打比方 tɑ˧pv˩ adjective Tone: L#. dry. 晒干的. adjective. v˩tsʰɤ˧-tɑ˧pv˥ dry vegetables, vegetables dried in the sun 晒干的蔬菜 tɑ˧pʰi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˩ Chinese_mugwort. 艾蒿. plant. tɑ˧~tɑ˧ adjective Tone: M. precise/exact. 细致. adjective. mɤ˧-tɑ˧~tɑ˧ sloppy, not careful 邋遢、草率、潦草 lo˧ ʝi˧ mɤ˧-tɑ˧~tɑ˧ to do sloppy work 工作草率 hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧, | tɑ˧~tɑ˧! (S)he works carefully! 他很认真！ See: tɑ˧~tɑ˧2 tɑ˧~tɑ˧ adverb Tone: M. exactly/just. 刚（好）. morphosyntax. tɑ˧~tɑ˧ | ho˩˥! | Just right, exactly right. (Example: a pair of shoes fits perfectly.) 刚刚好！（如：一双鞋刚好合适） le˧-li˧ tɑ˧~tɑ˧ to see clearly 看清楚 See: tɑ˧~tɑ˧1 tɑ˩ a classifier Tone: La. clf .sums . 量词 .笔（钱） . classifier. ɖʐe˧ | ɖɯ˧-tɑ˩ a (big) sum of money 一笔钱 tɑ˩dv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pocket. 口袋. clothing. njɤ˧ | tɑ˩dv˧-qo˥ | tsʰe˩mæ˩-tɑ˥kɤ˩-lɑ˩ dʑo˩! I only have ten yuan in my pocket! 我兜子里只有十元钱！ tɑ˩dʑɤ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. tɑ˩ɖʐo˧dzi˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: dzi˩ small_prayer_flag. 小经幡. religion. tɑ˩hwɤ˩ verb Tone: L. From: Chinese 打发? . to_offer_outside_the_family. 送礼. verb. hĩ˧-ki˧ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˧ tɑ˥hwɤ˩-zo˩-ʝi˩! We shall have to make a present to people! / It's going to be an occasion to make a present to people! (For instance, when a child goes through the "Coming of age" rite.) 应该给人家送礼了！（例如，人家为孩子进行成年礼时，要送礼。） zo˧mv˥-ki˩, | tɑ˩hwɤ˩ mɤ˥-kv˩! Presents are not for the kids! / We don't give big presents to children! 不会专门给孩子送（大）礼的！（说明：送礼，是送给家里的主人） ʐɯ˧ tɑ˩hwɤ˩ to offer wine as a present 送酒（作为礼物） li˩ tɑ˥hwɤ˩ to offer tea as a present 送茶（作为礼物） dze˧ tɑ˥hwɤ˩ to offer sweets as a present 送糖（作为礼物） to_give_a_dowry. 送陪嫁. verb. ə˧tso˧ tɑ˩hwɤ˩-ʝi˩? | ə˧-sɯ˩kv˩ (-dʑo˩), | ɖɯ˧-li˧-ɻ˩-bi˩! What did they give as a dowry? Let's go and have a look! (At a wedding, the gifts given as a dowry are put on public display, for everyone to appreciate the parents' generosity.) 给的是什么嫁妆？咱们去看一看吧！（结婚的时候，陪嫁展示在大家眼前，显示女方家的大方程度） ti˧tsɯ˥ | qʰɑ˧-ɭɯ˧ tɑ˩hwɤ˩? - ti˧tsɯ˥ | ɲi˧-ɭɯ˧ tɑ˩hwɤ˩! How many boxes are there in the dowry? - The dowry consists of two boxes! 陪嫁有几个木箱？ - 陪嫁有两个（木箱）！ tɑ˩kɤ˧ verb to ease. 逗弄. verb. tɑ˩li˥ noun Tone: LH. From: Chinese 大理 . 大理::Dali. 大理（ 借词） . place name. tɑ˩mv˩ verb Tone: L. classifier: proverb. 谚语. language. æ˧ʂæ˧-tɑ˩mv˩ same meaning: proverb (literally 'proverb of yore') 同上：谚语（直译：‘从前的老话’） æ˧ʂæ˧-tɑ˥mv˩ proverb; traditional story 谚语、传统故事 tɑ˩so˩kʰo˥ adverb Tone: L+H#. crosslegged. 盘腿（而坐）. body. tɑ˩so˩kʰo˥ | tʰi˧-dzi˩ To sit crosslegged. (This is the usual posture for monks, and also a usual posture for commoners.) 打坐、盘腿而坐（和尚的坐姿） tɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_give_way. 退后. verb. ʁo˧tʰo˩ tɑ˩ to give way, to fall backward 往后退 tɑ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .whole . 量词 .全部 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tɑ˧˥ entirely, all; everyone 全部、一切，大家 ɖɯ˧-tɑ˧=ɻæ˥ entirely, all; everyone (same meaning as above, with a plural morpheme) 全部、一切，大家（同上，加上多数词素） tæ˧pv˩ adjective Tone: L#. skinny. 瘦. verb. See: tɑ˧gɤ˩ tæ˧ɻæ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ oesophagus. 喉管/喉结. body. ti˧ verb Tone: M. to_mature. 成熟. verb. hĩ˧ tʰv˧-v˧, | gɤ˩-ti˧-ze˧! This person has become an adult! / This person has grown up/has become mature! 这个人，成熟了！ / 是大人了！ hĩ˧ tʰv˧-v˧, | mɤ˧-ti˧-sɯ˩! This person is not mature yet! / This person is not an adult yet! 这个人，还不成熟！ zo˩mv˧ | gɤ˩-ti˧, | lo˧ hɑ˧! For a child to grow/to become an adult is no easy business! (Refers to difficulty both for the child and for the family) 孩子长成熟（的过程），还是挺难的！ ti˧ɖo˥ noun Tone: H#. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ti˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: fv˩ copper_cup. 铜杯盏. object. ti˧tsɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ wicker_box. 竹箱. object. ti˧ʈʂʰɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ hammer. 铁锤. object. ti˩ a verb Tone: La. to_pound. 捣. verb. læ˧tsɯ˥ ti˩ to pound hot peppers 捣辣椒 tsʰo˧ko˧ ti˩ to pound cardamom 捣草果 dze˩ ti˥ to pound Szechuan pepper 捣花椒 ʈʂo˩bo˩ ti˥ to build a wall of earth, by pounding the earth 垒土墙 to_hit. 拍打. verb. hĩ˧ ti˥ to slap someone, to hit someone mildly 拍打人 hĩ˧ | ɖɯ˧-v˧ ti˩-ze˩ (She/he) has slapped someone. （他）拍打了某人。 ti˩pʰo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ ceiling. 天花板. house. ti˩tje˧ verb Tone: LM. From: Chinese 对待 . 对待::to_treat. 对待（ 借词） . verb. ti˧˥ verb Tone: MH. From: Chinese 定 . 定::to_decide/to_settle. 决定（ 借词） . verb. ti˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .layers . 量词 .层 . classifier. dʑɯ˩-nɑ˩mi˩˥ | gv˧-ti˩-qo˩ tʰv˩ To arrive at the heart of the heart of the alpine forest. Literally 'in the ninth layer of alpine forest'; 'ninth' here serves as the highest numeral, to refer to an extreme; there is no such thing as a 'first layer', a 'second layer' and so on. 到深山老林的最深处。直译：‘到深山老林的第九层’。这里的‘九’作为最高的数字，表示‘极深’的意思：不能说‘深山老林的第一层’、‘第二层’等。 tjɤ˧hwɑ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 电话 . 电话::telephone. 电话（ 借词） . object. tjɤ˧po˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 碉堡 . 碉堡::blockhouse. 碉堡（ 借词） . house. to˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .armfuls . 量词 .抱 . classifier. qʰv˩ɖʐæ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-to˥ an armful of string (i.e. a huge quantity of string; see the narrative TraderAndHisSon) 一抱绳子 to˧bɤ#˥ adjective Tone: #H. empty. 空. adjective. to˧bɤ˧-ze˩ pfv : it's empty, there is nothing left (e.g. a bowl is entirely emptied) it's empty, there is nothing left (e.g. a bowl is entirely emptied) 空了 to˧bɤ˧ ɲi˥ _ cop : it's empty 是空的 to˧kɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ʈv˩ forehead. 额头. body. luck. 运气. to˧kɤ˧ dʑɤ˥ to be lucky; to have a good karma 好运气，运气好 njɤ˧ | tsʰi˧ʝi˧ | to˧kɤ˧ dʑjɤ˥ (+ | ʐwæ˩˥) This year, I am lucky! / This is an auspicious year for me! 我今年运气好！ to˧kɤ˧qʰæ˩di˩ | -bæ˩bæ˩˥ noun classifier: bæ˩ plant_sp. 一种植物. plant. to˧qɑ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kid. 羔羊. animal. to˧~to˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_hug. 搂. verb. zo˧mv˥ to˩~to˩ to hold a child in one's arms, to hug a child 抱小孩子 to˩ a verb Tone: La. to_wrestle. 摔交. verb. le˧-to˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv ɖʐæ˧~ɖʐæ˧ to˩ to wrestle 摔交 to˩ a verb Tone: La. to_lie_down. 躺下. verb. tʰi˧-to˩-ɕjɤ˩ to lie down and rest 躺着休息 to˩ a verb Tone: La. to_have_family_ties. 有亲属关系. verb. le˧-to˧~to˥ accomp _ red accomp _ red qʰwɤ˩ɖɯ˩˥ | le˧-to˩-ze˩ We have acquired a family tie! (through adoption, marriage...) 我们成了亲戚！（通过领养、婚姻……） to˩bi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bottle. 瓶子. object. to˩bi˩ classifier Tone: L. clf .bottles . 量词 .瓶 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-to˩bi˩, so˩-to˩bi˩˥, ʐv˧-to˥bi˩, qʰv˧-to˥bi˩, ʂɯ˧-to˩bi˩, gv˧-to˥bi˩, tsʰe˩-to˩bi˩˥ association with numerals from 1 to 10 与数词结合，一至十 to˩kʰv˩mi˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: mi˩ classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_dog. 公狗. animal. to˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pillar. 柱子. house. hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩-to˩mi˩ the Precious Pillars, the Golden Pillars: a solemn designation for the two pillars of the main building ‘黄金柱’、‘宝贵柱’：对主屋两个柱子的庄严称呼 to˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. large_slope. 大山坡. natural environment. to˩pi˩ classifier Tone: L. clf .times . 量词 .倍 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-to˩pi˩, ɲi˧-to˩pi˩, so˩-to˩pi˩˥, ʐv˧-to˥pi˩, qʰv˧-to˥pi˩, ʂɯ˧-to˩pi˩, gv˧-to˥pi˩, tsʰe˩-to˩pi˩˥ association with numerals from 1 to 10 与数词结合，一至十 to˩pv˧ adverb Tone: LM. From: Tibetan? . to_begin_with. 最初. time. to˩qo˩lv˥ adjective Tone: L+H#. round. 圆形. adjective. to˩qo˩lv˥-gv˩ round in shape 圆形 to˩qo˧˥ verb Tone: L+MH#. to_turn_upside_down. 倒过来. verb. to˩qo˧˥ | tɕɯ˧ to put upside down 倒过来放 njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | to˩qo˧-bi˧! I am going to turn (this object) upside down! 我要（将这个东西）倒过来放！ to˩qo˧-ze˥ pfv 倒过来了 to˩to˧mi˥ adverb Tone: LM+H#. carefully. 认真地. morphosyntax. njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | to˩to˧ mi˥ | ʐwɤ˩-bi˩˥! | I will explain carefully! / I will explain very clearly, step by step! 我要认真地讲！ to˩to˧-mi˥ | so˩˥ to study with great care 认真地学习 on_purpose. 故意地. morphosyntax. to˩ʈɯ˩ adjective Tone: L. short. 矮. adjective. to˩ʈɯ˩~ʈɯ˥ short 矮 to˩zo˩ noun Tone: L. small_slope. 小山坡. natural environment. to˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: objets ronds hillside. 山坡. natural environment. to˩ do˩˥ to climb a hillside 爬山坡 ʁwɤ˧-to˩ mountain slope 山坡 tv˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_plant. 种. verb. ɕi˧ tv˧ to bed out rice 插秧 le˧-tv˧-ze˧ le˧-tv˥-tv˩-ze˩ tv˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .1,000 . 量词 .千 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tv˧ one thousand 一千 ɖɯ˧-tv˧ tv˧ one thousand thousands = one million 一千千，等于一百万 tsʰe˩-tv˩ mæ˥ ten thousand times 10,000, i.e. one hundred million 十千万，等于一亿 tv˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .dimes . 量词 .角（钱） . classifier. tv˧ɕi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ centipede. 蜈蚣. animal. tv˧po˩ verb Tone: L#. From: Chinese 赌博 . 赌博::to_gamble. 赌博（ 借词） . verb. tv˧qʰv˧ noun Tone: M. temporary_tomb. 临时坟墓. society. tv˧tv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ hat. 帽子. clothing. tv˧tsʰɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ time. 时间. time. njɤ˧ | tv˧tsʰɯ˧ mɤ˧-dʑo˧. I don't have the time. 我没时间。 njɤ˧ | tv˧tsʰɯ˧ dʑo˧. I have time. / I have some free time. / I have the time. 我有时间。 hour. 小时. tv˧tsʰɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ one hour 一个小时 tv˧tsʰɯ˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ gv˧-ze˧! One hour has gone by. 一个小时过去了。 tv˧tsʰɯ˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ le˧-hɯ˩-ze˩. One hour has gone by. 一个小时过去了。 tv˧tsʰɯ˧ qʰɑ˧-ɭɯ˧? What time is it? (Literally: "How many hours?") 几点了？ tv˧tsʰɯ˧li˧di˩ noun clock. 钟. time. tv˩ɭɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ fine_basket. 高级的背篓. object. tv˩tv˩ adjective Tone: L. upright. 直. adjective. righteous. 耿直. adjective. tv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_support. 搀扶. verb. tv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_pour_into_the_mouth. 喂. verb. ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧ | tʰi˧-tv˧˥ to give medicines, to pour medicines into the throat of a sick person 喂药 tʰɑ˧‑ prefix Tone: M/0. proh . 别 禁止式 . morphosyntax. tʰɑ˧-lɑ˩~lɑ˩-ze˩! Don't quarrel! 别吵架了！ tʰɑ˧-dzo˧~dzo˥! Don't touch! 不要动来动去！ / 不要碰来碰去！ tʰɑ˧-ni˥-ni˩-gv˩ adverb similar. 类似. morphosyntax. See: tʰɑ˩lo˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Tibetan tharlam. Tibetan_name_of_Yongning. 永宁的藏语名称. place name. tʰɑ˩lo˧-go˧bɤ˩ the temple of Thar Lam 永宁大寺 tʰɑ˩lo˧ se˧gi˧ kɤ˩mv˩ mount Gemu, in Yongning 永宁格姆山 tʰɑ˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ female_water_buffalo. 母水牛. animal. dʑi˧mi˧-tʰɑ˩mi˩ same meaning: female water buffalo 母水牛 dʑi˧mi˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-pʰo˩ dʑo˩, | tʰɑ˩mi˧ ɲi˥! This buffalo is a female! 这头水牛是母的！ tʰɑ˩pʰv#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_water_buffalo. 公水牛. animal. tʰɑ˩tʰɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ good_spot. 好地方. natural environment. tʰɑ˩tʰɑ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ a good spot (for hunting a certain kind of wild plant) 一个好地方 tʰɑ˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: mi˩ baby_water_buffalo. 小水牛. animal. tʰɑ˩-ʐwæ˧mi˧ noun Tone: L-. classifier: pʰo˧˥ donkey. 驴子. animal. tʰɑ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. sharp. 锋利. adjective. tʰɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. permissive . 可以. verb. mɤ˧-tʰɑ˧˥ | mɤ˧-ʐv˩! | njɤ˧ | dzɯ˧-bi˧ni˧-mɤ˧-gv˧˥! It's not that good! I don't like to eat that! 不怎么好吃！我不喜欢吃！ ə˩ljɤ˩hæ̃˩ʂɯ˥-mo˩-ʈʂʰɯ˩-dʑo˩, | hĩ˧ | mɤ˧-tʰɑ˧˥ | dv˩-mɤ˧-kv˧˥! The Golden Mushroom is not all that poisonous! / The Golden Mushroom is not really dangerous! 黄蜡伞不怎么会让人中毒！/ 毒性不太大！ tʰɑ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: pʰo˧˥ water_buffalo. 水牛. animal. tʰæ˧ɻæ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: pɤ˩ book. 书. object. tʰæ˩tsɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 坛子 . 坛子::jar. 坛子（ 借词） . object. tʰi˧‑ prefix Tone: M/0. dur . 持续体 . morphosyntax. tʰi˧-dzɯ˥-dʑo˩! (She) is eating! 她在吃东西！ tʰi˧-mɤ˧-ɲi˥ otherwise, or else 否则、要不然 tʰi˧ adjective Tone: M. competent. 能干. adjective. ɖwæ˧˥ | tʰi˧ intensive .very 很能干 mv˩tʰi˩ tʰv˩-v˩˥ that clever woman 那个聪明女人 zo˧tʰi˧ clever man 聪明男人 tʰi˩ a verb Tone: La. to_plane. 刨. verb. tso˧~tso˧ tʰi˥(-ze˩) to plane things 刨东西 le˧-tʰi˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 刨了 tso˧~tso˧ | le˧-tʰi˩(-ze˩) to plane things 刨东西 pæ˩pʰæ˧ tʰi˥ to plane a plank 刨木板 tʰi˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: nɑ˧ large_plane. 大刨. object. tʰi˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: nɑ˧ small_plane. 小刨. object. tʰi˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: nɑ˧ plane. 刨. object. tʰi˩˥ particle Tone: LM? LH?. so/then. 然后. morphosyntax. tʰo˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .solutions . 量词 .办法 . classifier. ə˧tso˧ tʰo˧ dʑo˧-kv˩? What can we do about it? / What can be done about it? 有什么办法？ tʰo˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. From: Chinese 套 . clf .套::sets . 量词 .套（ 借词） . classifier. tʰo˧ɕi˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ forest_of_conifers. 松树林. natural environment. tʰo˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˩ pine_tree. 松树. plant. tʰo˧dzi˩-hwæ˩tsɯ˩ noun Tone: LM-. hedgehog. 刺猬. animal. tʰo˧fv˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 土匪 . 土匪::bandit. 土匪（ 借词） . society. tʰo˧li˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ rabbit. 兔子. animal. tʰo˧li˧kʰv˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. year_of_the_Rabbit. 兔年. time. tʰo˧li˧-mi˩ noun Tone: °L. classifier: mi˩ jill. 母兔. animal. tʰo˧li˧-pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_rabbit. 公兔. animal. tʰo˧li˧-zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_rabbit. 小兔. animal. tʰo˧-mo˩ noun Tone: L#. pine_tree_mushroom. “松树菌”. plant. tʰo˧ɻæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ʈʂwɤ˧ classifier: poignée pine_nut_kernel. 松子. plant. tʰo˧tɕo˧ adverb backward. 往后. space. tʰo˧tɕo˧ li˧ to look back 往后看 tʰo˧tɕo˧ ɖɯ˧-li˧-ɻ˧ to glance backward 往后看一眼 tʰo˧tsʰe˧-ʁwɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. village_name. 村落名. place name. tʰo˧tsʰe#˥ same meaning 同上 ə˧go˧-ʁwɤ˧, | ʁwɤ˧lɑ˩-bi˩, | bæ˧ʁwɤ˧, | tʰo˧tsʰe#˥, | pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩, | pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩, | ʁwɤ˧tv˧ Villages that one encounters as one leaves the plain of Yongning (away from the Lake); the first two are perceived as villages with a high proportion of Na members, and the third as a mostly Na village, whereas the next ones are Pumi (Prinmi). 永宁背向泸沽湖方向经过的村落。前两个村落拥有相当大的摩梭人口比例，第三个村落是摩梭村，最后一个是普米村。 tʰo˧tsʰe˧: | bɤ˧! /tʰo˧tsʰe˧/ is a Pumi village! fv：/tʰo˧tsʰe˧/是一个普米族村落！ tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. village_name. 拖支开基村. place name. dʑɤ˩bv˧kɤ˧-sɑ˥ʁwɤ˩, | hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˥, | æ˩mi˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | lɑ˧lo˧-ʁwɤ˥, | lɑ˧ŋwɤ˧, | bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥, | ə˧lɑ˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | gæ˧ɻæ˩, | qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧, | tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥ the ten villages traditionally considered as part of Yongning 摩梭传统地理概念中，属于永宁的十个村落之一 tʰo˧ʐv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ pigeon. 鸽子. animal. tʰo˧ʐv˥-mi˩ female pigeon 母鸽子 tʰo˧ʐv˥-pʰv˩ male pigeon 公鸽子 tʰo˧ʐv˥-zo˩ baby pigeon 小鸽子 tʰo˩ a verb Tone: La. to_lean. 靠. verb. tʰo˩lo˧ noun Tone: LM. horse_walking_in_front. 头马. society. tʰo˩pʰv˧tɕʰɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: kʰɯ˩ From: Chinese? . firelock. 明火枪. object. tʰo˩ʁæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʈʰɤ˥ pine_resin. 松香. plant. tʰo˩ʂv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: qɑ˩ classifier: botte pine_needles. 树针. plant. tʰo˩tɕi˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ brick. 砖. house. tʰv˥ pronoun Tone: #H. dem .dist . 那 指示 .远指 . morphosyntax. tʰv˧ ɲi˥! It's that one! / That's the one! 是那个！ tʰv˧-v#˥ that one 那个 See: tʰv˥2 See: tʰv˥3 tʰv˥ pronoun Tone: #H. 3sg . 他. morphosyntax. tʰv˧=ɻ˩ his family, his household, his clan, his kin 他家、他家族、他的人 See: tʰv˥1 See: tʰv˥3 tʰv˥ suffix Tone: #H. top(°dem .dist) . 主题(°指示 .远指) . morphosyntax. See: tʰv˥1 See: tʰv˥2 tʰv˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_come_out. 出来. verb. ɑ˩pʰo˩ tʰv˩˥ to come out: e.g. an animal comes out of its burrow 出来，如：动物从地洞里爬出来 ɲi˧mi˧ tʰv˧ the sun comes out 太阳出来 to_come_out. 刮. verb. to_sprout. 发芽. verb. si˧dzi˩ | ʁo˧bv˧ tʰv˧ the tree buds 树抽芽 to_get(wound). 出现. verb. mi˧ tʰv˧ to get wounded 受伤 ɖɯ˧-v˧ mi˧ tʰv˧-ze˧! someone has got wounded! 有人受伤了！ to_create/to_found. 建立/创造. verb. ʑi˩ tʰv˩ to found a new home 分家、建立新家 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʑi˩ tʰv˩-ze˥! (S)he founded a new home! 他建了新家！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʑi˩ tʰv˩-bi˩˥! (S)he is going to found a new home! 他要建个新家！ lo˧ mɤ˧-dʑo˧, | lo˧ tʰv˧˥! / no˧ | lo˧ mɤ˧-dʑo˧, | lo˧ tʰv˧-ɲi˥! [(S)he] has no obligations, and yet (s)he works a lot / (s)he finds tasks to do! (A compliment to a civil servant who could be content to pocket a salary every month but who sets goals for her/himself and looks for useful tasks to accomplish. The sentence can also be used negatively, to criticize someone who takes up unnecessary tasks instead of keeping quiet.) 自找麻烦！（这句，除贬义用法，还能用来表扬，如表扬一位当官的人努力去做好事，给自己找有意义的事情干。） tʰv˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_lend. 借给人. verb. tso˧~tso˧ tʰv˧ to lend something 借东西（给人） tʰv˧gi˧ adverb in_that_direction. 那边. space. tʰv˧-hɑ̃˩-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ adverb every_evening. 每天晚上. time. tʰv˧-kʰv˩-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ adverb every_year. 每年. time. tʰv˧-ɬi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥-zo˩ adverb every_month. 每个月. time. tʰv˧ne-ʝi˥ adverb Tone: MH#. that_way. 那样. morphosyntax. tʰv˧ɲi#˥ adverb Tone: #H. that_day. 那天. time. tʰv˧ɲi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥-zo˩ adverb every_day. 每天. time. tʰv˧qo˧ pronoun Tone: M. there. 那里. place name. tʰv˧-se˩-gɤ˩ adverb Tone: °L. henceforth. 今后. time. tʰv˧-si˥ adverb Tone: H#. numerous. 多. morphosyntax. mv˧ʁo˧=ɻ˥-dʑo˩, | ɻæ˩˥ | tʰv˧-si˥ | tʰv˩-jɤ˩ dʑo˩˥! The People of the Sky had seeds in profusion! (from the narrative "Seeds") 天上的人，有许多许多种子！（故事：“种子”） tʰv˧-sɯ˩kv˩ pronoun Tone: °L. 3pl . 他们. morphosyntax. tʰv˧-ʂɯ˥-ne˩-ʝi˩-zo˩ adverb every_time. 每次. time. tʰv˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .sets_of_ten . 量词 .一套（十个） . classifier. qʰwɤ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-tʰv˩ a set of ten bowls 一套十个碗 ɖʐɯ˧ʂɯ˥ | ɖɯ˧-tʰv˩ a set of ten (pairs of) chopsticks 一套十（双）筷子 tʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_step_on. 踩. verb. tʰi˧-tʰo˩ dur dur tʰi˧-tʰo˩-ɻ˩ dur _ inceptive dur _ inceptive ɖɯ˧-tʰo˩-ɻ˩ delimitative _ inceptive delimitative _ inceptive tʰv˩~tʰv˧˥ red 重叠 ɖɯ˧-tʰv˧ tʰi˥-tʰv˩ to give a kick, to stamp the ground 踢一脚 kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧ tʰv˥-tsʰɯ˩ to give a kick, to stamp the ground 踢一脚 kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧ tʰv˥~tʰv˩ to give a kick, to stamp the ground 踢一脚 kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧ tʰɑ˧-tʰv˧˥! Do not stamp the ground! / Do not kick/tread on something! 别踢！ tʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_take_charge_of. 负担（费用）. verb. tʰv˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .steps . 量词 .步 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tʰv˧~ɖɯ˥-tʰv˩ step by step, one step after the other 一步一步 ɖɯ˧-tʰv˧˥, | ɖɯ˧-tʰv˧˥ step by step, one step after the other; same as above, but detaching the two parts of the phrase; this is closer to repetition than to reduplication 一步又一步 tɕæ˧hæ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˧ From: Chinese 胶+? . rubber. 橡胶. object. tɕæ˧hæ˩-dzɑ˩qʰwɤ˩ rubber shoe, shoe with a rubber sole, sports shoe 橡胶鞋、橡胶底鞋 tɕæ˧pʰv˩ adjective Tone: L#. white. 白. adjective. tɕæ˧pʰv˩-bɑ˩lɑ˩ white clothes 白的衣服 tɕæ˧pʰv˩-ʈæ˩qʰwɤ˩ white skirt 白色裙子 tɕɤ interjection Tone: 0. intj .hey . 感叹词.嘿！. interjection. tɕɤ˥ verb Tone: H. to_fade. 褪色. verb. le˧-tɕɤ˥-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 褪色了 tɕɤ˧jo˩ noun From: Chinese 监狱 . 监狱::prison. 监狱（ 借词） . noun. tɕɤ˧jo˩-qo˩ | tʰi˧-ʈæ˩ to put into prison, to imprison 关在监狱 tɕɤ˧jo˩-qo˩ ʈæ˩-hɯ˩-ze˩! (He/she) has been jailed/sent to prison! 被关在监狱！ See: lo˧nɑ˥-bv˩ tɕɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ noun Tone: #H. mugwort. 蒿. plant. tɕɤ˧qʰɑ˧-mo˩ a type of edible mushroom, called 'mugwort mushroom' because it grows close to mugwort 一种可以吃的菌子，长在蒿附近 See: ho˧ʈʂɯ˧ tɕɤ˧tɑ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 夹担 . 夹担::yoke. 牛轭（ 借词） . agriculture. tɕɤ˧tɑ˧ tʰv˧-ɭɯ˧ n + dem + clf 这个牛轭 tɕɤ˧tɑ˧-bæ˩ noun Tone: °L. classifier: kʰɯ˩ Etym: tɕɤ˧tɑ˧; bæ˩. tracking_rope. 牛皮绳. agriculture. tɕɤ˧tɑ˧-bæ˩ tʰv˩-kʰɯ˩ n + dem + clf 这条牛皮绳 tɕɤ˧~tɕɤ˧ adverb Tone: M. From: Chinese 将将 . 将将::just/exactly. 将将（°借词）. morphosyntax. tɕɤ˩ verb From: Chinese 架? . to_bind. 打结. verb. ʁæ˧ɻ˥ | tʰi˧-tɕɤ˩ to attach the yoke (to a buffalo) 系上牛轭 tɕɤ˩ho˩tsɯ˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: v˧ swindler. 骗子. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧ | tɕɤ˩ho˩tsɯ˥ ɲi˩. This man is a swindler! 这个人是骗子！ tɕɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_boil. 煮. verb. ʂe˧ tɕɤ˩ to boil meat 煮肉 bo˩-hɑ˧ tɕɤ˩ to boil pigswill, to cook pigswill 煮猪食 dʑɯ˩ʁo˩˥, | mo˧-no˥, | mo˧ tɕɤ˥-hĩ˩ lɑ˩-ɲi˩-mæ˩! | Up on the mountain, to cook mushrooms, (we) simply cook them in a pot! (This does not refer to boiling in the sense of 'cooking in hot water': the mushrooms are put in a pot; one adds grease and salt, and the mushrooms cook in their own juice.) 在山上，菌子，就是简单煮一下而已！（放在锅里，加油、加盐。用菌子自身的水分） tɕi˥ verb Tone: H. to_shake. 抖. verb. le˧-tɕi˧~tɕi˧-ze˩ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv tʰi˧-tɕi˧~tɕi˧+ze˩ dur _ pfv dur _ pfv ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ tɕi˩~tɕi˩ to shake one's head 摇头 ɖɯ˧-tɕi˧~tɕi˧-ɻ˥ demilitative red inceptive 摇一摇 tɕi˧ adjective Tone: M. acid. 酸. adjective. tɕʰɯ˩-hĩ˩˥ tɕi˧-hĩ˧ pʰi˩ to have acid reflux 吐酸水 sour. （通过发酵的）酸. tɕi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ trap. 圈套. object. tɕi˧ kʰɯ˧˥ to set a trap 设下圈套 tɕi˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .a_few . 量词 .些 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tɕi˧ some, a few 一些 ʈʂʰɯ˧-tɕi˩ these few 这些 tɕi˧do˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tangerine. 橘子. plant. tɕi˧-dʑɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. acid_potion. 酸水. food. tɕi˧kwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ melon/gourd. 瓜. plant. tɕi˧kwɤ˧ bv˧-ɻ˧ (+ɲi˩) small melon 小瓜 tɕi˧kwɤ˧ kwɤ˧mo˩ large melon 大瓜 tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧ noun Tone: M. yak_cheese. 牦牛奶酪. food. mv˧ɭɯ˩-pʰɤ˩bɤ˩, | tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧! The gift from Muli is yak cheese! / The gift that people usually bring back from their trips to Muli is yak cheese! / Yak cheese is a specialty of Muli! (Yak cheese used to be one of the delicacies that young men offered to young ladies when coming back from caravan journeys.) 木里的礼物：牦牛的奶酪！ / 牦牛奶酪，是木里的特产！ mv˧ɭɯ˩ pʰɤ˩bɤ˩, | tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧! | ə˧ɖo˧ ʁo˧ ɖʐɯ˥~ɖʐɯ˩ ʝi˩-ze˩! The gift from Muli is yak cheese! (My) beloved will shake her head (when tasting the delightfully acid cheese)! (Words from a song that used to be sung when travelling, imagining the return to Yongning.) （从）木里（带回来）的礼物，就是牦牛奶酪！亲爱的（=收礼物的那个人），会摇头的！（吃、喝的时候会摇头，是因为牦牛奶奶酪比较酸） tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧, | ɖɯ˧-tɑ˧˥ | gv˧-mɤ˧-kv˥! | ʝi˧-kʰv˥-lɑ˩ gv˩-kv˩! Not everyone knew how to make yak cheese! Only a few had this know-how! 不是每个人都会做牦牛奶酪！只有少数（人）才会做！ tɕi˧sɯ˧pɤ˧-dʑɯ˩ water in which one has diluted some yak cheese; it has medicinal properties 一种饮料：将牦牛奶酪溶化在水里 tɕi˧tɕi˧ | læ˩sæ˧-dzi˩ noun Tone: M-LH-L. hardwood_sp. 一种树. plant. tɕi˩ a adjective Tone: La. short. 矮. adjective. tɕi˩-hĩ˩˥ nmlz 矮的 gv˧mi˧ tɕi˩ short (not tall) 矮 tɕi˩nv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: pɤ˩ saddle_mat. 马鞍毯子. object. ʐwæ˧-tɕi˥nv˩ horse saddle mat 马鞍毯子 tɕi˩qɑ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ carpet. 毯子. house. tɕi˧˥ verb to_invite_to_drink. 敬（酒）. verb. ʐɯ˧ tɕi˧˥ to invite (guests) to drink wine 敬酒 tɕi˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: pɤ˩ saddle. 马鞍. object. ʐwæ˧-tɕi˥ horse saddle 马鞍 tɕo˥ noun Tone: H. direction. 方向. space. ʈʂʰɯ˧-tɕo˧ this way 这个方向，向这里 ɖɯ˧-tɕo˥ one side, in one direction 一边 gɤ˩-tɕo˧ upward, towards the top 向上，往上 dv˩tɕo˧ that way 那边 tɕo˩ɕjo˧ noun Tone: LM. whistle. 口哨. music. tɕo˩ɕjo˧ | ɖɯ˧-ɖʐo˩ kʰɯ˩ to whistle a little, to whistle a few notes 吹口哨、吹一声口哨 tɕo˩mv˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: v˧ From: Chinese 舅 . wife_of_maternal_uncle. 舅妈. society. tɕɯ˥ verb Tone: H. to_put. 放置. verb. tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥ dur dur ɖɯ˩hĩ˧ | ɖɯ˩˧ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥, | tɕi˩hĩ˧ | tɕi˩˧ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥ to put big ones with big ones, small ones with small ones 大小归类 to_settle. 决定. verb. le˧-ʐwɤ˩ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥ to settle 说好、决定 le˧-ʐwɤ˩ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˧-ɲi˥-tsɯ˩! It's settled! 说好了！ / 决定好了！ tɕɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ classifier: morceaux cloud. 云. natural environment. mv˧tɕɯ˥ the weather is cloudy 天上多云 mv˧ʁo˥, | tɕɯ˧! The sky is cloudy! 天上有云！ mv˧ʁo˥ tɕɯ˩ pʰv˩ | The sky is cloudy! 天上有云！ tɕɯ˧ pʰv˩; tɕɯ˧ | pʰv˩tɕæ˩˥ | -gv˩ white cloud 白云、白色的云 mv˧nɑ˥-tɕɯ˩nɑ˩-ɻ˩! the sky is dark / the sky is very cloudy 天很黑，有很多乌云 tɕɯ˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_shake. 摇晃. verb. tso˧~tso˧ tɕɯ˧ to shake things 摇东西 tɕɯ˧ɭɯ˧ verb Tone: M. to_reel. 缠绕. verb. njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | tɕɯ˧ɭɯ˧-bi˧! Let me reel! / Let me do the reeling! 让我来缠吧！ tɕɯ˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. large_scale. 大称. object. tɕɯ˧pv˧ adjective at_ease. 舒畅. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧qo˧ | tɕɯ˧pv˧-ʂe˧~ʂe˧ | ɖɯ˧-dzi˩-zo˩-ho˩! Have a seat here, happy and relaxed! 在这边舒畅地坐一会吧！ ʈʂʰɯ˧qo˧ | tɕɯ˧pv˧-ʂe˧~ʂe˧-zo˥ | ɖɯ˧-dzi˩-bi˩-ɻ˩! Let's have a seat here, happy and relaxed! 在这边舒畅地坐一会吧！ tɕɯ˧sɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ti˧˥ classifier: une couche de mist. 雾. natural environment. tɕɯ˧sɯ˧mv˥ there is some fog, there is some mist 有雾 tɕɯ˧wɤ˧ verb Tone: M. to_reincarnate. 转生. verb. le˧-tɕɯ˧wɤ˧-ho˥! (She/he) is going to get reincarnated! (About a deceased person) 他要转生了！ tɕɯ˧zo˥$ noun Tone: H$. small_scale. 小称. object. tɕɯ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_write. 写. verb. le˧-tɕɯ˩-ze˩ accomp + pfv 写了 tʰæ˧ɻæ˩ tɕɯ˩ to write, to write a text, to write a book 写、写书 ɖɯ˧-kʰv˥ | tsʰe˧-ɲi˧ ɬi˧, | njɤ˧ | tsʰe˧-ɲi˧ bæ˧ tɕɯ˩-bi˩-ʂv˩ɖv˩! There are twelve months in one year; I would like to transcribe twelve stories (in the coming year)! (Context: the consultant notices that I completed the transcription of two texts in two months; by providing this example sentence, she suggests to me the project of keeping up the same rhythm, transcribing twelve stories in the coming year.) 一年有十二个月，我就想（一年之内）记十二个故事！（情景：我两个月内完成了两个故事的记录工作。发音合作人举这个例句，鼓励我坚持这种速度，一年内再记十二个故事。） ɖɯ˧-tɕɯ˧~tɕɯ˥-ɻ˩ delimitative _ red inceptive delimitative _ red inceptive tɕɯ˩-di˩˥ brush, pen; literally 'thing to write' 笔。直译：‘（用来）书写的（东西）’ tʰæ˧ɻæ˩-tɕɯ˩-di˩ brush, pen; literally 'thing to write books' 笔。直译：‘（用来）写书的（东西）’ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˧~tɕɯ˥ dʑo˩ (S)he is writing 他正在写写东西。 tɕɯ˩lv˩ho˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ sling. 弹弓. object. tɕɯ˩ɭɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ shrike. 伯劳鸟. animal. tɕɯ˩mi˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: mi˩ Hwamei. 画眉鸟. animal. tɕɯ˩mi˥ | ə˧mi˧ ɲi˩! It's a mummy hwamei! (=a female) 是一个画眉鸟妈妈！（=是母的画眉鸟） tɕɯ˩mi˥ | zo˧ ɲi˥! It's a baby hwamei! 是一个小画眉鸟！ tɕɯ˩mi˥ | pʰv˧ ɲi˩! It's a male hwamei! 是公的画眉鸟！ tɕɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_transport. 驮运. verb. ʐwæ˧ tɕɯ˩ to pack-transport, to transport on horseback 用马驮运、做马帮 ʐwæ˧ʁo˧ tʰi˧-tɕɯ˧˥ to transport on horseback 用马驮运 ʐwæ˧-tɕɯ˩-zo˩ person who takes part in a caravan, who works in a caravan 加入马帮的男人 tɕɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: mi˩ leech. 水蛭. animal. tɕɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: mi˩ wasp. 马蜂. animal. tɕɯ˧mi˥$ female wasp (elicited combination) 母蚂蜂（人工的词） tɕɯ˧pʰv#˥ male wasp (elicited combination) 公马蜂 tɕɯ˧zo#˥ baby wasp (elicited combination) 小马蜂 tɕɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: nɑ˧ scale. 称. object. tɕɯ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .loads . 量词 .驮子 . classifier. tɕɯ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. From: Chinese 斤 . 斤:: clf .pound/pint_of . 量词 .斤（ 借词） . classifier. ʐɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-tɕɯ˧˥ a pint of wine 一斤酒 tɕɯ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. salive. 口水. body. tɕʰɤ˧ɲi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥ adverb every_day. 每天. time. tɕʰɤ˧pɤ˧-mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. a_sacred_spring. 一处神泉. place name. nɑ˩tsʰi˩˥ | tɕʰɤ˧pɤ˧-mi#˥ full name of the mountain where the spring is located 神泉所在山的全称 tɕʰɤ˧ʂo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: nɑ˧ altar. 祭坛. religion. tɕʰɤ˧ti#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ stupa. 塔. religion. tɕʰɤ˧tɕʰɤ˧˥ adverb Tone: MH#. entirely. 彻底. morphosyntax. tɕʰɤ˩lv˩ noun Tone: L. lily. 百合. plant. tɕʰɤ˩lv˩-hṽ˩hṽ˩˥ stir-fried lily buds 炒百合 tɕʰɤ˩lv˩˥, | kv˧-pʰæ˧di˥! Lily buds look like garlic! 百合，像大蒜！ tɕʰɤ˩lv˩˥, | dʑɯ˩-nɑ˩mi˩-ʁo˥ dʑɯ˩-nɑ˩mi˩-ʁo˥ di˩-kv˩! Lilies grow high up on the mountain! 百合长在高山上！ tɕʰɤ˩lv˩˥, | dʑɯ˩-nɑ˩mi˩-ʁo˥ | di˩-kv˩˥! | Lilies grow high up on the mountain! 百合长在高山上！ tɕʰɤ˩ʈʂv˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ wine_glass. 酒杯. object. tɕʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_cheat. 欺骗. verb. le˧-tɕʰɤ˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 欺骗了 hĩ˧ tɕʰɤ˧(-ze˩) to cheat on people, to deceive people 骗人 no˧ | hĩ˧ tɕʰɤ˧! You cheat people! / You deceive people! 你骗人！ (hĩ˧ |) no˩ tɕʰɤ˩˥! People cheat you! 人家骗你！ (no˧ |) njɤ˩ tɕʰɤ˩˥! You cheat on me! 你骗我！ tɕʰi˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kɤ˧˥ thorn. 刺. plant. tɕʰi˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_guard. 守卫. verb. ɑ˩ʁo˧ tɕʰi˧ to watch over the house, to guard the house 守护家 ɑ˩ʁo˧ tʰi˧-tɕʰi˧-dʑo˧ watching over the house 守着家 tso˧~tso˧ tɕʰi˧ to watch over things 守着东西 tɕʰi˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_sell. 卖. verb. tɕʰi˧ɖv#˥ noun Tone: #H. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. tɕʰi˧nɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. prinsepia. 青刺果. plant. tɕʰi˧ʈʂʰɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: nɑ˧ From: Chinese 汽车 . 汽车::car. 汽车（ 借词） . object. tɕʰi˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .meals . 量词 .饭（顿） . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tɕʰi˩ dzɯ˩ to have a meal, to eat a meal 吃一顿 gv˧-tɕʰi˥ nine meals 就顿（饭） tɕʰi˩ tʰv˩˥ to contribute food for the meals during a funeral ceremony: when one is invited to a funeral, one brings food as a contribution to the funeral 带饭，“出（一）顿（饭）”：被请参加守孝时，要给那家主人带上饭） tɕʰi˩tʰv˩-hĩ˥ the person who provides the meal at a wake (following a funeral); it is generally someone who is not from the household. 给大家供饭的那个人（不一定是主人） tɕʰi˩tsɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 茄子 . 茄子::eggplant. 茄子. plant. tɕʰo˩ classifier Tone: L *. clf .together . 量词 .一起 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tɕʰo˩ together 一起 le˧-tɕʰo˥~tɕʰo˩ same meaning as above: together 同上：一起 tɕʰo˩ a verb Tone: La. to_accompany. 陪伴. verb. hĩ˧ tɕʰo˥ to accompany someone 陪伴某人 tɕʰo˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: nɑ˧ large_ladle. 大瓢. object. tɕʰo˩qʰwɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: nɑ˧ ladle_for_pigswill. 猪食勺子. object. tɕʰo˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: nɑ˧ small_ladle. 小瓢. object. tɕʰo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_square. 砍成方形. verb. bi˩mi˩-ɳɯ˥ | tɕʰo˧˥ to square off with an axe 用斧头砍成方形 tɕʰo˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: nɑ˧ ladle. 瓢. object. tɕʰɯ˥ verb Tone: H. to_pierce. 穿刺. verb. ʝi˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-pʰo˩, | ɲi˧ tɕʰi˧-ze˩! This ox's nose was pierced (to put a ring) 这头牛的鼻子被穿刺（为了安一个牛鼻圈） tɕʰɯ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_raise. 举. verb. lo˩qʰwɤ˥ | gɤ˩-tɕʰɯ˧ to raise one's arm 举手、抬胳膊 kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧˥ | gɤ˩-tɕʰɯ˧ to raise one's leg 抬脚 gɤ˩-mɤ˧-tɕʰɯ˧ not to raise 不抬起来 tɕʰɯ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_keep_a_deathwatch. 居丧/守灵. verb. hĩ˧ tɕʰɯ˧ same meaning: to keep a deathwatch for a deceased person 同上：守灵 tɕʰɯ˧bo˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. cool. 凉快. adjective. tɕʰɯ˧lo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ large_plate. 大盘子. object. tɕʰɯ˧si˩-dʑɤ˩pv˩ noun Tone: L#-. monster. 妖怪. society. no˧ | tɕʰɯ˧si˩-dʑɤ˩pv˩-ki˩ | le˧-hɯ˩-ɲi˩-ze˩! You have gone away to the world of monstres (and should not come back to trouble the living)! (Speech addressed to a ghost that one beseeches should not come back) 你已经到妖怪的世界那边（就恳求你不要回来了）！（对鬼说的话） tɕʰɯ˧sɯ˥ adjective Tone: H#. grieved. 悲哀. adjective. tɕʰɯ˩ a adjective Tone: La. sweet. 甜. adjective. tɕʰɯ˩di˩ verb Tone: L. to_hunt. 狩猎. verb. See: tɕʰɯ˩di˩kʰv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ hound. 猎狗. animal. tɕʰɯ˩di˩-kʰv˥mi˩ same meaning 猎狗 tɕʰɯ˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H / L. classifier: mi˩ female_muntjac. 母麂子. animal. tɕʰɯ˩pʰv#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H / L. classifier: mi˩ male_muntjac. 公麂子. animal. tɕʰɯ˩-ʁo˩-tɕʰɯ˥! adverb Tone: L+H#. Bless_you!. 旁边的人打嚏喷时说的祝愿话. set phrase. tɕʰɯ˩~tɕʰɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_suck. 吸吮. verb. lo˩mi˧ tɕʰi˩~tɕʰi˩ to suck one's thumb 吮拇指 tɕʰɯ˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H / L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_muntjac. 麂子崽子. animal. tɕʰɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. From: Chinese 漆 . 漆::paint. 漆. object. tɕʰɯ˧ jɤ˥-zo˩-ho˩! It's time to paint (the room, the house...)! / We're going to have to paint (the room, the house...)! 该刷漆了！ tɕʰɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_throw_away. 扔. verb. ɖæ˩˥ | tʰi˧-tɕʰɯ˧˥ to throw garbage 扔垃圾 tɕʰɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_spit. 吐. verb. tɕʰɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_lose. 丢失. verb. le˧-tɕʰɯ˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 丢了 le˧-tɕʰɯ˧-hɯ˥-ze˩! It's lost! 丢掉了！ tɕʰɯ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. anxious. 担心. adjective. nv˩mi˩ tɕʰɯ˥ anxious, worried 担心 tɕʰɯ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. comfortable. 舒服. adjective. mɤ˧-tɕʰɯ˧-bi˥ / mɤ˧-tɕʰɯ˧˥ |-bi˩ even if one is in need, ... 虽然很贫穷，…… mɤ˧-dʑo˧ mɤ˧-tɕʰɯ˧-ɻ˧-bi˥, | ɖwæ˩ mɤ˧-zo˧! Even if one is in need, one should not worry! (because the Gods will do something to save us) 虽然穷，莫担心！（因为菩萨会救好人） hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧-dʑo˩, | ɖwæ˧˥ | mɤ˧-tɕʰɯ˧˥! This person is really in need! 这个人，真的很穷！ tɕʰɯ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: pʰo˧˥ muntjac. 麂子. animal. tɕʰɯ˩ hwæ˧-ze˩ ...has bought (a/the) muntjac 买麂子 tɕʰɯ˩ dzɯ˩-ze˥ ...has eaten muntjac 吃了麂子 tsɑ˧ adjective Tone: M. busy. 忙. adjective. ɖwæ˧˥ | tsɑ˧ intensive .very: very busy 很忙 tsɑ˧ | ʐwæ˩˥ extremely busy 非常忙 tsɑ˧bɤ˧ noun Tone: M. powder/flour. 面粉/粉末. food. qʰɑ˧dze˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ sweetcorn flour 玉米粉 dze˧ɭɯ˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ wheat flour 小麦面 lv˧mi˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ stone powder, powdered stone 石头粉、被磨成粉的石头 tsʰi˧zi˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˥ highland barley flour 青稞面粉 mv˩zɯ˩-tsɑ˩bɤ˥ oatmeal flour 燕麦面粉 jɤ˩jo˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˥ potato flour (elicited combination) 洋芋面粉 nv˩ɭɯ˧-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ soy flour 黄豆面粉 læ˧tsɯ˥-tsɑ˩bɤ˩ chili powder 辣椒粉 ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˥ Medicine powder, medicine in powder form. For instance: the disinfectant commonly used in Yongning at the time of fieldwork, of the brand fn:云南白药 药粉，粉状药品。如：“云南白药”消毒粉。 ʂæ˩ɻ̃˩-tsɑ˩bɤ˥ bone powder 骨头粉 jɤ˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˧ tobacco powder 烟草粉 jɤ˧ɻ̃˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˥ tobacco powder 烟草粉 dze˩-tsɑ˩bɤ˥ Szechuan pepper powder 花椒粉 dze˧-tsɑ˧bɤ˥ powdered sugar, granulated sugar 砂糖 tsɑ˧bɤ˧ mɤ˩ to eat dry flour (made of grilled barley) tsɑ˧bɤ˧ gv˩ to cook tsamba (grilled flour) 炒糌粑，制作糌粑 tsɑ˧ʐo˩ adjective Tone: L#. diligent. 勤快. adjective. tsɑ˩ verb Tone: L. to_wink. 眨眼. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ tsɑ˩~tsɑ˩-dʑo˩! red : (S)he is winking! 重叠：他在眨眨眼！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ tsɑ˩-dʑo˩! (S)he is winking! 他在眨眼！ tsɑ˩~tsɑ˧˥ red 重叠 mɤ˧-tsɑ˩~tsɑ˩ neg red 不眨眼 See: tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩ tsɑ˩tɕi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: mo˧˥ From: Chinese 杂菌 . 杂菌::various_mushrooms. 杂菌（ 借词） . plant. tsɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_kick/to_smash. 踢/打碎. verb. le˧-tsɑ˧-ze˥ accomp + pfv accomp + pfv ʈʂe˧ tsɑ˩ to smash clods of earth, after plowing (with a hand instrument, such as a hoe) 打碎土坷垃 ɖɯ˧-tsɑ˧ tʰi˥-tsɑ˩ to kick repeatedly, to give one kick after the other 踢了又踢 to_row. 划（船）. verb. tsɑ˧-hɯ˥-tsɑ˩-ɻ̩˩ to row in a sustained way, to row with great vigour 用力地划船、一直划船 tsɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_lay. 放置. verb. mv˩tɕo˧ tsɑ˧˥ to lay down, to put down on the floor 放下、放在地上 tsæ˧qæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: nɑ˧ classifier: ɭɯ˧ hook. 钩子. object. firing pin. 撞针. object. tse˧bæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ tinder. 火绒. object. tse˧bo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ small_bell. 铃铛. music. tse˧di#˥ noun Tone: #H. sandalwood. 檀香木. plant. tse˧di˧-si#˥ same meaning 同上 tse˧kʰo˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ sanctuary. 佛龛. religion. tse˧lv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ flint. 燧石. object. tse˧mi˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: nɑ˧ lighter. 火镰. object. tse˧mi˥-dʑɯ˩ʁo˩ noun Tone: H#-L. Wenquan. 温泉乡的主要村落. place name. tse˩ a verb Tone: La. to_pursue. 追赶. verb. hĩ˧ tse˥ to chase after someone 追赶某人 tse˩ a verb Tone: La. to_float. 漂浮. verb. gɤ˩tse˧ as above: to float 同上：漂浮 (浮在水上) ɖɯ˧-tse˧~tse˥-ɻ˩ delimitative _ red inceptive delimitative _ red inceptive dʑɯ˩ʁo˩˥ | tʰi˧-tse˩ (-dʑo˩) to float (in a torrent) on the mountain (e.g. timber is floated downstream) 让木头漂到下游 dʑɯ˩ʁo˩ tse˧ as above: to float down from the mountain 同上：让木头漂到下游 tse˩ a verb Tone: La. to_lock. 锁门. verb. kʰi˧ tse˥(-ze˩) / kʰi˧ tʰi˧-tse˩ to lock the door 锁门 tse˩pʰæ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ coins_of_imperial_times. 民国之前的货币. object. æ˧-tse˥pʰæ˩ bronze coins of the imperial times 民国之前的铜币 tse˩qwæ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ key. 钥匙. object. tse˩tɑ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: nɑ˧ scissors. 剪刀. object. tse˩ʈʂʰv˩ noun Tone: L. dog(derogatory). 骂狗的话. animal. See: tse˩ʈʂʰv˩-kʰv˥ tse˩ʈʂʰv˩-kʰv˥ noun Tone: L+H#. dog(derogatory). 骂狗的话. animal. tse˩ʈʂʰv˩-kʰv˧ ! | mv˩tɕo˧ se˥ ! Come down, you damn dog! 你这坏狗，下去！ See: tse˩ʈʂʰv˩ tse˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: nɑ˧ lock. 锁. object. æ˧tse˥ bronze lock 铜锁 tsɤ˧ verb Tone: M intrans. to_become. 变成. verb. sɯ˧pv˧-sɯ˥nɑ˩-ʈʂʰɯ˩ | ə˧dzɤ˧~dzɤ˥-zo˩ | pʰi˧li˩ tsɤ˩-ɲi˩-kv˩-tsɯ˩ | -mv˩! The caterpillar gradually becomes a butterfly, doesn't it! 毛虫能慢慢变成蝴蝶，不是吗？ ɖɯ˧-bæ˧ mɤ˧-tsɤ˧ It's not the same 有区别、不一样 tsɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. correct. 对. adjective. (le˧-)tsɤ˧-ze˧! It's okay! / It's arranged! / Things have been made good! 好了！ / 弄好了 tsɤ˧-ʝi˧! Okay, fine! (Indication of acquiescence to an instruction) 行！ / 好的！（表示同意或接受命令） tsɤ˧ ɲi˥! That's fine! 好的！ no˧ | mɤ˧-bi˧ mɤ˧-tsɤ˧! It wouldn't be right for you not to go! 你如果不去，就不对！ =你不能不去！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-pi˧˥ | mɤ˧-tsɤ˧! He is not quite OK! / There's something wrong with him! 他有一点不对劲吧！ tsɤ˧ mɤ˧-ʝi˧-ze˧! It won't do! / It won't work! / It's no good! 不好了！/不行了！ tsɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. fine. 细. adjective. tsɑ˧bɤ˧ tsɤ#˥ fine flour 细粮 tsɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. greedy. 嘴馋. adjective. See: tsɤ˧ʁo˧-tsʰi˧ʁo˥ tsɤ˧ɖɯ˧ verb to_give_birth. 生崽子. verb. tsɤ˧ɖɯ˧-ze˩ pfv 生崽子了 (dʑi˧mi˧) tsɤ˧ɖɯ˧-ze˩ (the water buffalo) has given birth. 水牛生崽子了。 tsɤ˧ʁo˧-tsʰi˧ʁo˥ adjective Tone: H#. greedy. 馋. adjective. tsɤ˧ʁo˧-tsʰi˧ʁo˥ tsʰi˩ to be greedy 馋 See: tsɤ˧4 tsɤ˧ʑi˧ verb to_be_pregnant. 怀孕. verb. tsɤ˩pʰv˧-tsɤ˥li˩ verb to_turn_in_all_directions. 东翻西滚. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | tsɤ˩pʰv˧-tsɤ˥li˩-ɻ˩! (S)he is turning and twisting in all directions! 他在东翻西滚！ tsi˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ crack/fissure. 裂缝. house. tsi˧ qʰwæ˧-ze˥! A crack has appeared! 有了裂缝！ tsi˧ hɯ˧-ze˧! A crack has appeared! 有了裂缝！ stitch. 针脚. tsi˧ a adjective Tone: Ma. spicy. 辣. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ tsi˧-hĩ˧ ɲi˥! It's spicy! 这是辣的！ tsi˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_install. 安装. verb. tso˧~tso˧ tsi˧ to set up something 安装东西 tso˧~tso˧ | gɤ˩-tsi˧-ɻ˥ to set up something 安装东西 gɤ˩-tsi˧ tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥ to set up (vertically) 立起来 tsi˧gi˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: ɭɯ˧, kʰwɤ˥ crack. 缝隙. house. tsi˧gi˥ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ a fissure 一个缝隙 tsi˧gi˥ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˧ tʰi˧-di˥ there is a fissure 有一个缝隙 tsi˩ a verb Tone: La. to_boil. 烧开. verb. dʑɯ˧ | le˧-tsi˩-tʰv˩-ze˩! The water is boiling! 水开了！ dʑɯ˩ tsi˩-tʰv˩-ze˥! The water is boiling! 水开了！ mɤ˧-tsi˩-tʰv˩-sɯ˩! It is not boiling yet! 还没有烧开！ ɖɯ˧-tsi˩-tʰv˩-ɻ˩-kʰɯ˩ to leave to boil for a while 煮一会儿 ɖɯ˧-tsi˧~tsi˥-ɻ˩ kʰɯ˩ to boil a while 煮一会儿 tsi˩ɭɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ small_bird_sp. 一种小鸟. animal. tsi˩ɭɯ˩-bv˧ | -qʰæ˩bæ˩˥ noun trailing_plant. 蔓草. plant. tso˧kʰwɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bag. 袋子. object. tso˧lo˧-mv˥tso˩ noun Tone: #H-. classifier: nɑ˧, ɭɯ˧ tool/thing. 东西/工具. object. tso˧qwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ sleeping_corner. 小床角. house. tso˧tso#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: nɑ˧, ɭɯ˧ thing. 东西. object. tso˧~tso˧-zo˧~zo˧-mv˧~mv˥ thingummy, stuff 各种东西、各种各样乱七八糟东西 tso˧~tso˧ hwæ˩ to buy things 买东西 tso˧~tso˧ tɕʰi˧(-ze˩) to sell things 卖东西 tso˧~tso˧ dzɯ˧(-ze˩) to eat things 吃东西 tso˧~tso˧ dze˥ to cut things 切东西 tso˧~tso˧ ʈʰɯ˩ to drink things 喝东西 tso˧~tso˧ lɑ˩ to beat things 打东西 tso˩ c classifier Tone: Lc. clf .rooms/compartments . 量词 .间 . classifier. ʈʂʰɯ˧-tso˥ this room 这间 tso˩ a verb Tone: La. to_build. 建. verb. ɖʐɤ˩ tso˩ to build stairs 修一座楼梯 dzo˩ tso˩ to build a bridge 修一座桥 ɖɯ˧-tso˧~tso˥-ɻ˩ to build something 修东西 tso˩qʰv˩ɻ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ vestibule. 玄关. house. tso˩~tso˧˥ verb Tone: LM+MH#. to_mix. 拌. verb. tsɯ˥ verb Tone: H. to_tie. 绑. verb. dʑi˧mi˧ tʰi˧-tsɯ˥ to tie a water buffalo 栓水牛 tsɯ˧~tsɯ˧ red 重叠 le˧-tsɯ˧~tsɯ˧ accomp red accomp red tʰi˧-tsɯ˧~tsɯ˧ dur red dur red to_hang_oneself. 上吊自杀. verb. ʁæ˧tsɯ˧ le˧-ʂɯ˧ +ze˧ to hang oneself 上吊自杀、缢 tsɯ˥ verb Tone: H. to_scoop_up. 打捞. verb. tsɯ˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 字 . 字::character. 字. object. tsɯ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_block_up. 堵塞. verb. tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩ verb Tone: L. to_blink. 眨眼. verb. mɤ˧-tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩ neg 不眨眼 ɖɯ˧-tsɯ˧~tsɯ˥-ɻ˩ delimitative red inceptive delimitative red inceptive njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩ to blink 眨眼 to_wink. 眨眼. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ tsɯ˩pʰɤ˩-dʑo˩! (S)he is winking! 他在眨眼！ tsɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_call. 叫. verb. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | no˧-ki˥ | jɤ˩-ʐe˧ ɲi˩-tsɯ˩-mɤ˩-tsɯ˩! /ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧/ calls you "foreigner"! 达石把你叫作“老外”！ tsʰɑ˧bo#˥ noun Tone: #H. cook. 厨师. society. tsʰɑ˧bo˧ lɑ˩ to be a cook, to work as a cook, to get employed as a cook 当厨师 tsʰɑ˧bo˧ ʝi˧ to be a cook, to work as a cook, to get employed as a cook 当厨师 tsʰɑ˧kv˩ noun Tone: L#. From: Chinese 仓库 . 仓库::warehouse. 仓库（ 借词） . house. tsʰɑ˧tɕɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. seedlings. 青菜幼苗. plant. tsʰɑ˩pʰɑ˩lɑ˥ noun Tone: L+H#. husk_of_corncobs. 苞谷叶. plant. qʰɑ˧dze˧-tsʰɑ˩pʰɑ˩lɑ˩ same meaning 同上 tsʰe#˥ noun Tone: #H. salt. 盐. natural environment. tsʰe˧ numeral Tone: L. 10. 10. number. tsʰe˧do˧˥ adverb Tone: MH# | L. beginning_of_the_month. 月初. time. tsʰe˧do˧-ɖɯ˧ɲi#˥ / tsʰe˧do˧-ɖɯ˧ɲi˥ the 1st day of the month 初一 tsʰe˧do˧-ɲi˧ɲi#˥ / tsʰe˧do˧-ɲi˧ɲi˥ the 2nd day of the month 初二 tsʰe˧do˧˥ | -so˩ɲi˩˥ the 3rd day of the month 初三 tsʰe˧do˧-ŋwɤ˥ɲi˩ the 5th day of the month 初五 tsʰe˧do˧-hõ˥ɲi˩ the 8th day of the month 初八 tsʰe˧do˧˥ | -tsʰe˩ɲi˩˥ the 10th day of the month 初十 tsʰe˧do˧˥ | -tsʰe˩ɖɯ˩ɲi˩˥ the 11th day of the month 十一日 tsʰe˧ɖɯ˧ numeral 11. 11. number. tsʰe˧hṽ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: dzi˩ Chinese_evergreen. 万年青. plant. tsʰe˧hṽ˧-dzi˧˥ Chinese evergreen tree 万年青树 tsʰe˧hṽ˧-bæ˥bæ˩ flowers of Chinese evergreen 万年青花 tsʰe˧jɤ˧mi˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ marsh. 沼泽. natural environment. tsʰe˧jɤ˧mi˥-qo˩, | ʈʰæ˧tɕi˧ɭɯ˥ | tʰi˧-di˩! In marshes, there are clumps of wild herbs! 沼泽里，只长野草！ tsʰe˧kʰv˧ verb to_hiccup. 打嗝. verb. tsʰe˧ɬi˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. 10th_month. 十月. time. tsʰe˧ɲi˧ numeral 12. 12. number. tsʰe˧qʰɑ˩ adjective Tone: L#. too_salty. 太咸. adjective. See: tsʰe˧so˧˥ tsʰe˧so˧ numeral 13. 13. number. tsʰe˧so˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. pleasantly_salty. 咸. adjective. See: tsʰe˧qʰɑ˩ tsʰe˧ʂɯ˧ numeral 17. 17. number. tsʰe˧tʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ʂɯ˩ classifier: fois smallpox. 天花. body. tsʰe˧tʰv˧ | bæ˩bæ˩ bæ˥-ze˩ Smallpox has broken out. 天花/麻疹犯了。 measles. 麻疹. tsʰe˧ʈʂæ˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 村长 . 村长::village_head. 村长. society. tsʰe˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. From: Chinese 寸 . clf .寸::inch . 量词 .寸（ 借词） . classifier. tsʰe˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .knots . 量词 .节（辫子） . classifier. tsʰe˩gv˩ numeral Tone: L. 19. 19. number. tsʰe˩hõ˩ numeral Tone: L. 18. 18. number. tsʰe˩ŋwɤ˩ numeral Tone: L. 15. 15. number. tsʰe˩ŋwɤ˩ɲi˩˥ noun 15th_day. 十五号. time. tsʰe˩qʰv˩ numeral Tone: L. 16. 16. number. tsʰe˩qʰv˩ɲi˩˧ noun 16th_day. 十六号. time. tsʰe˧do˧˥tsʰe˩kʰʶv˩ɲi˩˧ same meaning 同上 tsʰe˩ʐv˩ numeral Tone: L. 14. 14. number. tsʰɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_plait. 编. verb. ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ tsʰɤ˩ to weave the hair 编辫子 hæ̃˧pɤ˧ le˧-tsʰɤ˩ to plait hair 梳一条辫子 ɖɯ˧-tsʰɤ˧~tsʰɤ˥-ɻ˩ delimitative _ red inceptive delimitative _ red inceptive tsʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_milk. 挤奶. verb. tso˧~tso˧ tsʰɤ˩ + ze˩ to milk things 挤出东西 ʝi˧-bv˧ | ɳæ˧ tsʰɤ˩ to milk a cow 挤牛奶 tsʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_rub. 摩擦. verb. tsʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_attack. 抢. verb. tsʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_give_back. 还. verb. tsʰɤ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .dented_objects . 量词 .凸凹的物品 . classifier. bæ˩bæ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-tsʰɤ˧˥ a flower 一朵花 tsʰi#˥ noun Tone: #H. dry_season. 旱季. time. tsʰi˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .pelts/pieces_of_fabric . 量词 .皮，布料 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-tsʰi˥ one pelt 一张动物皮 ɖɯ˧-tsʰi˧ ɲi˥ It's a pelt. 这是一张（动物皮） tsʰi˧ adjective Tone: M. hot/scalding. 热/烫. adjective. tsʰi˧-zo˧ mɤ˧-tʰɑ˧˥! The heat is unbearable! / The weather is unbearably hot! 热得受不了！ See: tsʰi˧2 tsʰi˧ adjective Tone: M. bright. 明亮. verb. ɲi˧mi˧ tsʰi˧ the sun shines, the sunlight is strong 太阳很晒 ɬi˧mi˧ tsʰi˧ the moon shines, the moonlight is strong 月亮很亮、月光很明亮 See: tsʰi˧1 tsʰi˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_wear. 戴. verb. tv˧tv˥ tsʰi˩ to put on a hat 戴上帽子 tsʰi˧bv˩ adjective Tone: L#. sultry. 闷热. adjective. tsʰi˧ʝi#˥ adverb Tone: #H. this_year. 今年. time. tsʰi˧ʝi˧-se˥, | … Until this year, ... 到了今年，…… tsʰi˧ɲi#˥ adverb Tone: #H. today. 今天. time. tsʰi˧ɲi˧-ʁo˧dɑ˧ before today; previously 今天之前 tsʰi˧qʰæ˧˥ adverb Tone: MH. currently. 现在. time. tsʰi˧si˩-dʑɤ˩pv˩ noun Tone: L#-. world_of_spirits. 神灵的世界. religion. tsʰi˧ti#˥ noun Tone: #H. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. tsʰi˧zi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kɤ˧˥ barley. 青稞. plant. tsʰi˧zi˧ | nɑ˩-hĩ˩˥ black barley 黑青稞 tsʰi˧zi˧ | pʰv˩-hĩ˩˥ white barley 白青稞 tsʰi˧zi˧-ɻ̃#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kɤ˧˥ highland_barley_straw. 青稞杆. plant. tsʰi˩ a adjective Tone: La. thin. 细. adjective. tsʰi˩-hĩ˩˥ nmlz 细的 qʰɑ˧-tsʰi˧-gv˧ very thin 非常细 dʑɤ˧˥ | tsʰi˩-njæ˩˥ | -gv˩! It is really thin! 真细！ tsʰi˩mv˩tʰv˩ noun Tone: L. dancing_demon. 跳着的鬼. society. tsʰi˩tv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ marrow. 骨髓. body. tsʰi˩tsʰi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kɤ˧˥ peas. 豌豆. plant. tsʰi˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_build. 建. verb. ʑi˧qʰwɤ˧ tsʰi˧˥ to build a house 建 房子 tsʰi˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_bore. 穿一个洞. verb. tsʰi˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_start(a_fire). 点（火）. verb. mv˧ tsʰi˧˥ to start a fire 点火 njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | mv˧tsʰi˧-bi˥ I am going to start a fire 我要点个火 mv˩tsʰo˩ tsʰi˧ to put fire to a piece of wood full of sap (to start a fire) 用含很多树脂的木头来引火 tsʰi˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_squat. 蹲. verb. le˧-tsʰi˩~tsʰi˩ | tʰi˧-dzi˩ to sit cross-legged 盘腿坐 gɤ˩-tsʰi˧~tsʰi˩ tʰi˧-dzi˩ as above 盘腿坐 tsʰi˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. sick. 病. adjective. mɤ˧-go˩ mɤ˩-tsʰi˩-ɻ˩ | to be in good health: not sick, not suffering 健康：不病、不痛 tsʰo˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_jump. 跳. verb. bæ˧ tsʰo˧ to skip rope 跳绳 tsʰo˧~tsʰo˧ red 重叠 tsʰo˧ɖɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. group_dance. 集体舞. society. tsʰo˧ɖɯ˩ tsʰo˩ to perform a group dance 跳一个集体舞 tsʰo˧ɖwæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɖwæ˥ stone_step. 石头台阶. house. lv˧mi˧-ɖʐɤ˩ɖwæ˩ stone step 石头台阶 tsʰo˧ko˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: fn:草果 . cardamom. 小豆蔻. plant. tsʰo˧pæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. From: Tibetan tshong.pa"merchant". caravan_chief. 马帮头领. society. tsʰo˧pjɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ soap. 肥皂. object. tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ demon. 鬼. religion. See: tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧zo#˥ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi˧-bæ˥bæ˩ noun Tone: #H-. Delphinium_flower. 翠雀花. plant. See: tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi#˥ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. demon. 鬼. society. See: tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˧mi#˥ tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˩ adverb Tone: L#. tonight. 今晚. time. tsʰo˧qʰwɤ˩ | mv˩kʰv˧˥ same meaning: tonight 同上：今晚 tsʰo˧ʁo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ stable_building. 牲畜圈. house. tsʰo˧tsɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: po˧ From: Chinese 葱子 . 葱子::leek/onion. 葱/韭葱. plant. tsʰo˩ noun Tone: L. human_beings. 人类. society. tsʰo˩mo˩ noun Tone: L. husband. 丈夫. society. tsʰo˩tsɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: nɑ˧ From: Chinese 锉子 . 锉子::file. 锉刀. object. tsʰo˧˥ noun Tone: MH. respect. 重视. abstract. ʈʂʰɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | njɤ˧-ki˧ | ɖwæ˧˥ | tsʰo˧ ʝi˥! He/she treats me with great respect/attention. 他很重视我 / 他对我很尊敬、很关心。 tsʰɯ˧hṽ˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ wool. 羊毛. animal. tsʰɯ˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: pʰo˧˥ nanny_goat. 母山羊. animal. tsʰɯ˧mi˧-po˧lo˥ nanny goat and billy goat 母山羊与公山羊 tsʰɯ˧mi˧to˧qɑ˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_goat. 公山羊. animal. tsʰɯ˧mi˧-to˧qɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ kid. 公山羊羔. animal. tsʰɯ˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ he_goat. 公山羊. animal. tsʰɯ˧ɻ#˥ noun Tone: #H. unisex_given_name. 男女通用名. given name. tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. tsʰɯ˧ɻ˧-pʰi˩tsʰo˩ noun Tone: °L. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. tsʰɯ˧ʂwæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ wether. 阉山羊. animal. tsʰɯ˧-to˧qɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ kid. 羔羊. animal. See: tsʰɯ˧zo˥$ tsʰɯ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ young_nanny_goat. 母山羊羔. animal. tsʰɯ˧zo˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kid. 山羊羔. animal. tsʰɯ˧zo˧-to˧qɑ˥ young nanny goat(s) and young kid(s) 母山羊羔与公山羊羔 See: tsʰɯ˧-to˧qɑ˥ tsʰɯ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_return/to_come. 回/来. verb. le˧-gwɤ˩~gwɤ˩ | le˧-tsʰɯ˩-ze˩ to be back from a stroll 散步回来 le˧-tsʰɯ˩-ze˩ to be back 回来了 ɖɯ˧-ʝi˧-ɳɯ˧ tsʰɯ˧˥, | ɖɯ˧-ki˧ tʰv˧! "We have come from different places, and now we arrive in the same place / we come together!" This turn of phrase is not intelligible without prior learning, as it literally means "Coming from one place; arriving in one place". “我们都来自不同的地方，但现在在一起了！” tsʰɯ˩tsʰɯ˩ɻ̃˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kɤ˧˥ garden_pea_hay. 豌豆干草. plant. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | tsʰɯ˩tsʰɯ˩ɻ̃˩ ɲi˥. This is garden pea hay. 这是豌豆干草。 tsʰɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_cut_to_pieces. 剪成片. verb. tʰɑ˧-tsʰɯ˧˥! prohib prohib dʑi˧hṽ˧ tsʰɯ˩ to cut clothes to pieces 把衣服剪成片 tsʰɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: pʰo˧˥ goat. 山羊. animal. tsʰv˩˥ noun Tone: LH. From: Chinese 醋 . 醋::vinegar. 醋（ 借词） . food. See: sɑ˧tsʰv˩