Index

p

pɑ˧tɕɤ˧ pæ˥ pæ˥ a pæ˧kʰwɤ#˥ pæ˧li˩ pæ˧ɻæ˩-ʈʂʰo˩ pæ˧sɯ˧ pæ˧te˩ pæ˩ a pæ˩pʰæ˧˥ pæ˩pʰæ˧˥ pæ˧˥ pæ˧˥ pæ˧˥hwɤ˧ pe˧ʂe˧ pɤ˥ pɤ˥ pɤ˥ b pɤ˧ a pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩ pɤ˧lɑ˩ pɤ˧ʁɑ˧ pɤ˧tv˥ pɤ˧tʰi˩ pɤ˧ʈʂʰwæ˩ pɤ˩ a pɤ˩ b pɤ˩dʑɯ˩ pɤ˩-ho˩~ho˥ pɤ˩jɤ˧bv˥-di˩ pɤ˩jɤ˧˥ pɤ˩lv˧ pɤ˩lv˩ pɤ˩mi˩ pɤ˩pʰv˩ pɤ˩ti#˥ pɤ˩tɕɯ˧-pɤ˥mi˩ pɤ˩tɕɯ˧-ʁo˧ɖɯ˧˥ pɤ˩tɕɯ˧˥ pɤ˧˥ pɤ˩˧ʐv˩ pi˥ pi˧kʰv˧ pi˧lv#˥ pi˧mɑ˧ pi˧mɑ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ pi˧mɑ˧-ɬɑ˩tsʰo˩ pi˧mv˥$ pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩ pi˩ɻ˥ pi˩ti#˥ pi˧˥ a pi˩˥ pjɤ˥ po˥ po˧ a po˧ɖʐɯ#˥ po˧lo˧ po˧po˧ po˧po˧tsʰɤ˧˥ po˩ b po˧˥ po˧˥ pv˧ pv˧ pv˧lv˧ pv˧ɭɯ˧ pv˧qʰwɤ˥ pv˧ɻ#˥ pv˧ʂɯ˩ pv˧ʈʂɯ˩ pv˩ pv˩ a pv˩ a pv˩ a pv˩ɭɯ˥ pv˩mi˩ pv˩pv˧ pv˩tɑ˩ pv˩tsɯ˧-pv˥mi˩ pv˩tsɯ˧˥ pv˩ʈʰɯ˧ pv˧˥ pv˧˥ pv˧˥ pʰæ˧ b pʰæ˧qʰwɤ˩ pʰæ˧ʂv˧-di˧˥ pʰæ˧tɕi˥ pʰæ˧ʈʂʰæ˧lo#˥ pʰæ˧˥ pʰæ˧˥ a pʰe˧ pʰɤ˧bɤ˧ pʰɤ˧fv˩ pʰɤ˧pʰv#˥ pʰɤ˩mi˩ pʰɤ˩-so˩~so˥ pʰɤ˩zo˩ pʰɤ˩˧ pʰi˧ pʰi˧ b pʰi˧kʰv˧ pʰi˧li˩ pʰi˧mo˩ pʰi˧mo˩ pʰi˧tsʰo#˥ pʰi˧tsʰo˧-ɖɯ˩ɖʐɯ˩ pʰi˧ʈʂæ˧ pʰi˩hæ˩ pʰi˩ko˧ pʰi˩tʰɑ˩ pʰi˧˥ pʰo˥ pʰo˧ b pʰo˩ a pʰo˩lɑ˧˥ pʰo˧˥ pʰo˧˥ a pʰv˥ʈʂʰe˩ pʰv˧ pʰv˧ pʰv˧dʑo#˥ pʰv˧dʑo˧-hĩ#˥ pʰv˧ɖɯ˧˥ pʰv˧kɤ˧ pʰv˧ɭɯ#˥ pʰv˧ɭɯ˧-ʈʰæ˧qʰwɤ˥ pʰv˧tv˥ pʰv˧ʐo˧˥ pʰv˩ a pʰv˩ a pʰv˩ b pʰv˩ b pʰv˩-tɕæ˩ɻæ˥ pʰv˧˥ pʰv˧˥ pʰv˧˥ pʰv˧˥

pɑ˧tɕɤ˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 芭蕉 . 芭蕉::plantain. 芭蕉（ 借词） . plant. pæ˥ verb Tone: H. From: Chinese 搬? . to_move_house. 搬（家）. verb. pæ˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .troops . 量词 .群 . classifier. pæ˧kʰwɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ silver_coin. 银币. object. ə˧mi˧! | pæ˧kʰwɤ˧ so˧-ɭɯ˥ ki˩-mæ˩! Wow! [(S)he] is giving you three silver coins!! (According to the main consultant's memories, this is the type of comment that uncles and aunts would make when a child who turned 13 received significant amounts of money on the occasion of their coming of age. The equivalent today would be about half a month's salary. To give only one coin would not be right, because gifts have to come in pairs. To give two coins is appropriate and sufficient. To give three coins is an impressive gift, beyond expectations.) 哇！（他）给三块银币！（在一个孩子成年时，亲戚会给银币。给一块，不合适，因为礼物不能只给一个，要给两个。给两块银币，是合适的，也是够的。给三块银币，超出期望，是大礼物了。按现在的标准/说法，三个银币等于半个月的工资左右。） pæ˧kʰwɤ˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˥# ; pæ˧kʰwɤ˧ ɲi˧-ɭɯ˥# ; pæ˧kʰwɤ˧ so˧-ɭɯ˥# one silver coin, two silver coins, three silver coins 一块银币，两块银币，三块银币 pæ˧kʰwɤ˧ ɖɯ˧-ki˩tɑ˩ a bag of silver coins (to be interred in a secret place) 一包银币（埋在地里，为了藏） pæ˧li˩ noun Tone: L#. From: Chinese 板栗 . 板栗::chestnut. 板栗. plant. pæ˧li˩-si˩dzi˩ chestnut tree 板栗树 pæ˧li˩-dzi˩ chestnut tree 板栗树 pæ˧ɻæ˩-ʈʂʰo˩ noun Tone: L#-. Hongqiao. 红桥. place name. no˧ | pæ˧ɻæ˩ʈʂʰo˩-hĩ˩-ni˩-zo˩! "You look like someone from Hongqiao!" This is an insult, meaning "You are ugly". Popular Na geography had it that the people of Hongqiao (a village which the caravans crossed) had coarse, unlovely physical features, such as big snub noses. 解放前用的侮辱语句：“你像红桥人！”=“你很丑！”摩梭民间文化中，红桥（马帮路过的一个乡）的人被认为难看，面貌不“眉清目秀”，比如有扁鼻子。 pæ˧sɯ˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 把事 . lowest_rank_in_feudal_hierarchy. 把事（ 借词） . society. pæ˧te˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 板凳 . bench. 板凳. object. pæ˩ a verb Tone: Ma. From: Chinese 摆? . to_lay/to_set. 摆. verb. hɑ˧ tʰi˧-pæ˩ tsæ˩-ɲi˩-ze˩! | hɑ˧ dzɯ˧-bi˧-ze˩! The table is set / everything is ready! Let's eat! 饭摆好了！吃饭了！ pæ˩pʰæ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ thick_plank. 厚木板. house. harrow. 耙. pæ˩pʰæ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. pæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_cultivate. 种. verb. pæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_let_slip. 超过/错过. verb. pæ˧˥ | -kʰɯ˩-pi˩, | mɤ˧-tsɤ˧! | It's not good to let (an auspicious day) slip by! / It's not good to miss the opportunity (of an auspicious days; for the building of a house, for instance) 错过（一个吉日），不好！ pæ˧˥ | -tʰɑ˧-kʰɯ˩ Don't let (this opportunity) slip by! / (You/we) mustn't miss this opportunity! 不要错过（机会）！ le˧-pæ˧-ze˥! It's too late! / We have let the opportunity slip by! 错过了！ pæ˧˥hwɤ˧ noun Tone: MH.M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ From: Chinese 办法 . 办法::solution. 办法（ 借词） . abstract. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | pæ˧˥hwɤ˧ | ɕjɤ˩ ɣɯ˧ (+ | ʐwæ˩˥)! He/she is great at finding solutions / at handling all sorts of difficult situations! 他很会想办法的！ pe˧ʂe˧ adverb Tone: M. From: Chinese 本身 . 本身::itself. 本身（ 借词） . morphosyntax. pɤ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pɤ˥ classifier: pʰæ˧˥ drawing/painting. 画. object. pɤ˥ verb Tone: H. to_curl_up. 蜷曲. verb. æ˩ ʈʂʰɯ˧-mi˥ | si˧dzi˩-ʈʰæ˩qo˩ | tʰi˧-pɤ˥-dʑo˩! The hen has huddled up under a tree! 那只鸡，在树下蜷缩着！ ʈʂʰɯ˧-qo˧ ɖɯ˧-pɤ˥ ɕjɤ˩-ɻ˩! Come and lay here (for a rest)! 过来这边躺一下！ pɤ˥ b classifier Tone: Hb. clf .statues . 量词 .雕像 . classifier. pɤ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_carry_on_the_back. 背. verb. pɤ˧~pɤ˧ red 重叠：背一背 tʰi˧-pɤ˥~pɤ˩ dur red 背一背 qʰæ˧ pɤ˧~pɤ˥ to carry manure 背肥料 kʰɤ˧ pɤ˧~pɤ˥ to carry a dorsal basket 背背篓 zɯ˧ pɤ˧~pɤ˥ to carry grass 背草 tso˧~tso˧ pɤ˧~pɤ˥ to carry things 背东西 *tso˧~tso˧ pɤ˩ to carry things (this expression is well-formed syntactically, but apparently not in use) 背东西（语法上，这个短语没有问题，但发音合作人不那么说。） njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ pɤ˧~pɤ˩ (+bi˩)! I'll do the carrying! / Let me carry (it)! 我来背！ dʑɯ˩ pɤ˩~pɤ˥ to carry water 背水 zo˧mv˥ pɤ˩~pɤ˩ to carry a child on the back 背孩子 pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩ noun Tone: L#-. village_name. 温泉乡的一个村落. place name. ə˧go˧-ʁwɤ˧, | ʁwɤ˧lɑ˩-bi˩, | bæ˧ʁwɤ˧, | tʰo˧tsʰe#˥, | pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩, | pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩, | ʁwɤ˧tv˧ Villages that one encounters as one leaves the plain of Yongning (away from the Lake); the first two are perceived as villages with a high proportion of Na members, and the third as a mostly Na village, whereas the next ones are Pumi (Prinmi). 永宁背向泸沽湖方向经过的村落。前两个村落拥有相当大的摩梭人口比例，第三个村落是摩梭村，最后一个是普米村。 pɤ˧lɑ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ photo. 相片. object. pɤ˧ʁɑ˧ classifier Tone: M. clf .big_steps . 量词 .一大步 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-pɤ˧ʁɑ˧~ɖɯ˧-pɤ˧ʁɑ˧ with great strides 大步流星地 ɲi˧-pɤ˧ʁɑ˧ two great strides 两大步 pɤ˧tv˥ noun Tone: H#. wickerwork_basket. 竹篮. object. ɖʐɯ˧ʂɯ˥-pɤ˩tv˩ small basket where chopsticks are kept 筷子篮 pɤ˧tʰi˩ noun Tone: L#. family_name. 一个姓. given name. pɤ˧tʰi˩=ɻ˩ the /pɤ˧tʰi˩/ clan, the /pɤ˧tʰi˩/ family |fv /pɤ˧tʰi˩/ 家族 /pɤ˧tʰi˩/ 家族 pɤ˧ʈʂʰwæ˩ adjective flattened. 扁. verb. ɲi˧gɤ˧ pɤ˧ʈʂʰwæ˥ flat nose 扁鼻子 le˧-pɤ˥ʈʂʰwæ˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 被压扁 ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧ le˧-ʈʰi˩-zo˩, | dɤ˧-qo˧ | tʰi˧-pɤ˥ʈʂʰwæ˩-ze˩! That one (=that man/woman) was exhausted, (s)he collapsed over there! 那个（人）筋疲力尽，躺倒在那边了！ hæ˧mi˧-pɤ˧ʈʂʰwæ˧ flat(-faced) Chinese woman (derogatory comment on noses that are not high enough by local standards) （脸、鼻子）扁的汉族女人（带偏见的称呼） pɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_come_out. 出现. verb. dʑɯ˩ pɤ˩˥ some water comes out 涌出水来 dʑɯ˧qʰv˧-qo˧ | dʑɯ˩ pɤ˩-ze˥ Water emerges at the source. 水泉里面，涌出水来。 tʰi˧-pɤ˩-dʑo˩ dur _ prog : it is emerging 正在涌出水来 gɤ˩-pɤ˥ to emerge, to come up, to appear (e.g. the sun comes out) 出现、上来：太阳出来 pɤ˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .pieces_of_carpentry . 量词 .木工件 . classifier. pɤ˩dʑɯ˩ noun Tone: L. spring_water. 泉水. natural environment. pɤ˩-ho˩~ho˥ adjective Tone: L+H#. soft. 柔软. adjective. pɤ˩-ho˩~ho˥-gv˩ soft 柔软 ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ pɤ˩-ho˩~ho˥-gv˩-hĩ˩ | tʰv˧-kʰwɤ˥ the place where the head is soft =the fontanel 头上软软的那块 =囟门 pɤ˩jɤ˧bv˥-di˩ noun Tone: LM+#H-. classifier: ɭɯ˧ steamer_for_buns. 馒头蒸笼. object. pɤ˩jɤ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: jɤ˧˥ dough. 做馒头的面团. food. classifier: jɤ˧˥ round_flat_cake. 饼. food. li˩-pɤ˥jɤ˩ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ a piece of brick tea, a brick of tea (tea leaves pressed into the shape of a round flat cake) 一块茶饼 pɤ˩lv˧ noun Tone: LM. warehouse. 仓库. house. pɤ˩lv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ nape. 项背. body. pɤ˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ frog. 青蛙. animal. pɤ˩mi˩-pɤ˥pʰv˩ female frog and male frog 母青蛙与公青蛙 pɤ˩mi˩-ʝi˥pʰv˩ A species of large frog or toad, which is abundant in the Yongning plain. This is one of three species distinguished by the consultant. It is not eaten by the Naxi (nor by the Na, who do not eat any sort of frog). 一种大青蛙，在永宁坝子很常见。这是发音合作人认识的三种蛙之一。纳西族人不吃这种动物（摩梭人不吃任何蛙类动物）。 hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩-pɤ˩mi˩ A beautiful species of frog, with a long body. It is only found in the forest, on the mountain. This is the second of three species distinguished by the consultant. 一种很美的青蛙，身体很长。只出现在山上森林里。这是发音合作人认识的第二种青蛙。 dʑɯ˩-pɤ˩mi˩˥ A species of frog with a small head and large eyes, considered by the consultant as spending most of the time in the water. This is the third of three species of frogs distinguished by the consultant. The Naxi hunt it, especially in the fifth month. 一种青蛙，头小、眼睛大。这是发音合作人认识的第三种青蛙。纳西族吃这种青蛙。 nɑ˩hĩ˥ | pɤ˧-ʂe˧ dzɯ˧; | pɤ˧-ɣɯ˧ | ɬɑ˧tɑ˥ mv˩! | pɤ˧-mæ˧, | bæ˧ʈʂo˥ ʝi˩! Proverb: "The Naxi eat frog meat; they wear vests made of frog skin; and they make brooms with frog tails!" 谚语：“纳西人吃青蛙，披青蛙皮衣，蛙尾巴当扫帚！” pɤ˩pʰv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ male_frog. 公青蛙. animal. pɤ˩ti#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ stool/bench. 凳子. object. pɤ˩tɕɯ˧-pɤ˥mi˩ noun Tone: LM+#H-. classifier: mi˩ tadpole. 蝌蚪. animal. See: pɤ˩tɕɯ˧-ʁo˧ɖɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: mi˩ tadpole. 蝌蚪. animal. See: pɤ˩tɕɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: mi˩ tadpole. 蝌蚪. animal. See: pɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_harrow. 耙地. verb. ʝi˧ pɤ˥ to harrow 耙地 ɕi˧ tv˧-dʑo˧, | ʝi˧ le˧-pɤ˩! When one plants rice, one must harrow the field (first)! 种稻谷，要（先）耙地！ pɤ˩˧ʐv˩ noun Tone: LM-L. classifier: tsʰi˥ From: Chinese 被褥 . 被褥::mattress. 褥子（ 借词：被褥） . house. pi˥ verb Tone: H. to_say. 说. verb. tʰɑ˧-pi˥! Don't say it! / Don't speak about it! 别说！ ə˧tso˧ pi˧? What did you say? (Call for repetition) （你刚才）说什么？（请人家重新说一遍） ə˧tso˧ pi˧-ɲi˥? What did you say? (Call for repetition) （你刚才）说什么？（请人家重新说一遍） pi˧kʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ dustpan. 畚箕. object. pi˧lv#˥ noun Tone: #H. distiller_s_grains. 酒糟. pi˧lv˧, | hĩ˧ | dzɯ˧-mɤ˧-kv˩! Distiller's grains are not suitable for human consumption! / People don't eat distiller's grains! 酒糟，人不能吃！ pi˧mɑ˧ noun Tone: M. unisex_given_name. 男女通用名. given name. pi˧mɑ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. pi˧mɑ˧-ɬɑ˩tsʰo˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. pi˧mv˥$ noun Tone: H$. idiom. 成语. language. pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩ noun Tone: L#-. village_name. 温泉乡的一个村落. place name. ə˧go˧-ʁwɤ˧, | ʁwɤ˧lɑ˩-bi˩, | bæ˧ʁwɤ˧, | tʰo˧tsʰe#˥, | pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩, | pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩, | ʁwɤ˧tv˧ Villages that one encounters as one leaves the plain of Yongning (away from the Lake); the first two are perceived as villages with a high proportion of Na members, and the third as a mostly Na village, whereas the next ones are Pumi (Prinmi). 永宁背向泸沽湖方向经过的村落。前两个村落拥有相当大的摩梭人口比例，第三个村落是摩梭村，最后一个是普米村。 pi˧tsʰe˩: bɤ˩! | /pi˧tsʰe˧/ is a Pumi village! fv：/pi˧tsʰe˩/是一个普米族村落！ pi˩ɻ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ double_cheek. 双下巴. body. pi˩ti#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ silver_nugget. 银块. object. pi˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .little . 量词 .少 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-pi˧˥ a little 一点 qʰæ˧-pi˩ a little manure 一点粪肥 ŋv˧-pi˧ a little money 一点钱 ŋv˧ | ɖɯ˧-pi˧˥ a little money 一点钱 lwɤ˧˥ | ɖɯ˧ pi˧˥ a little ashes 一点灰 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ɖʐe˧ ɖɯ˧-pi˧ dʑo˧! He has a little money! / He is rather affluent! 他有一些钱！ pi˩˥ noun Tone: LH. From: Chinese 笔 . 笔::brush. 笔. object. tʰæ˧ɻæ˩ tɕɯ˩-di˩, | pi˩˥! The thing used to write is called "pen"! 用来写字的那个东西，（叫做）“笔”！ pjɤ˥ adjective Tone: H. square. 方形的. adjective. tɑ˧-pjɤ˧~pjɤ˥ (-zo˩) (of a face or object) unpleasantly squarish, lacking smoothness （脸、物品）太方，不圆滑 po˥ verb From: Chinese 包 . 包::to_pack. 包（ 借词） . verb. le˧-po˥ accomp accomp po˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .plants_with_stems . 量词 .植物/衣服 . classifier. po˧ɖʐɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ craftsman. 工匠. society. po˧ɖʐɯ˧ ʝi˧-hĩ˧-hĩ˧ person who works as a craftsman 当工匠的人 po˧lo˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: pʰo˧˥ ram. 公绵羊. animal. po˧lo˧ lɑ˧˥ to strike a ram 打公绵羊 po˧po˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ ball. 球. object. po˧po˧ lɑ˧˥ to play (foot)ball 打球 po˧po˧tsʰɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 包包菜 . 包包菜::cabbage. 圆白菜. plant. po˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. From: Chinese 包 . clf .包::packs . 量词 .包（ 借词） . classifier. po˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_bring/to_deliver. 带过来. verb. qʰwæ˧ po˧˥ to bring a letter/a message 带来一封信/一个消息 tso˧~tso˧ tʰi˧-po˧˥ to bring something 带来一个东西 hĩ˧ ɖɯ˧-v˧ | tso˧~tso˧ ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ | tʰi˧-po˧˥ someone brings something 有人带东西过来 ʈʂʰwæ˧˥ | po˧-jo˥! Bring it over, quick! 快拿过来吧！/ 快带过来吧！ po˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_be_pregnant. 怀孕. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | zo˧mv˥ po˩. She is pregnant. 她怀孕了。 pv˧ verb Tone: M' intrans. to_perform. 祭. verb. kʰv˧ pv˥ to do the New Year ceremony, to celebrate the New Year 做过年的祭礼 tsʰi˧ɲi˧, | kʰv˧ pv˥-tso˩-ɲi˩! Tonight, we are going to celebrate the New Year! 今天就要过年了！ pv˧ adjective Tone: M. dry. 干. adjective. le˧-pv˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv 干了 le˧-pv˧ le˧-ʐwæ˩-ze˩ It has dried up / it has completely dried / it is now completely dry 干透了 pv˧-kæ˧-ɻæ˩-gv˩ all dry, completely dry 全干、完全干 pv˧lv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: pʰv˩ dry_land. 旱地. natural environment. pv˧ɭɯ˧ verb to_roll. 滚动. verb. pv˧ɭɯ˧-ze˩ pfv 滚动了 le˧-pv˧-ɭɯ˧ accomp accomp pv˧qʰwɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ shuttle. 梭子. clothing. ɣɯ˧dzo˩-bv˩ | pv˧qʰwɤ˥ the shuttle of the loom 织布机的梭子 See: kʰɯ˩pv˩ pv˧ɻ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: tsʰi˥ Tibetan_wool_fabric. 氆氇. clothing. pv˧ʂɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ amber. 琥珀. clothing. pv˧ʈʂɯ˩ verb Tone: L#. to_press. 挤. verb. njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | pv˧ʈʂɯ˩-bi˩! I'm going to press (it)! / Let me press it! 我来压吧！ le˧-pv˥ʈʂɯ˩ accomp accomp pv˩ verb Tone: L. to_go_by. 过. verb. ɲi˧mi˧ pv˩ time goes by; literally: the day goes by 时间过去。直译：（一）天（慢慢）过（去） ɲi˧mi˧ | le˧-pv˩-ze˩ time has gone by, the day has gone by 时间过去了，（一）天过去了 dʑɤ˩-dzɯ˧ qʰwɤ˧-dzɯ˥, | bi˧mi˧ ʂv˧-qʰwɤ˧-ɻ˥; | dʑɤ˩-ʐwɤ˥ qʰwɤ˩-ʐwɤ˩, | ɲi˧mi˧ ʂæ˧ pv˩-di˩! Whether one eats good stuff or bad stuff, that fills the stomach / that does the trick of filling your belly! Whether one tells good stories or bad ones, that helps make the long day go by / that does the trick of chipping a long (and tedious) day away/of filling a day pleasantly! (A laid-back proverb in praise of small talk and gossip.) “吃好吃坏，（都）能填满肚子/（都）能吃饱！说好说坏，（都）能让一天（轻松）过去！”（这个谚语，说闲聊的好。） dʑɤ˩-dzɯ˧ qʰwɤ˧-dzɯ˥, | bi˧mi˧ ʂv˧˥; | dʑɤ˩-ʐwɤ˥ qʰwɤ˩-ʐwɤ˩, | ɲi˧mi˧ ʂæ˧-pv˩-di˩! Variant of the above proverb. 上述谚语的变体 pv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_see_off. 送行. verb. hĩ˧bæ˧ pv˥ to see a guest off 送客 pv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_allow/to_require. 让/安排. verb. sɯ˧pʰi˧-ɳɯ˧ | pv˩-kʰɯ˥-ɲi˩! It was the feudal lord who financed (the caravan)! （马帮）是土司来投资的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ɖʐe˧ ʂe˧ pv˩-kʰɯ˩-tso˩-ɲi˩! (S)he is bringing the capital! / (S)he is financing the whole thing! (e.g. a caravan) 是他来投资的！（如：马帮） hĩ˧-ɳɯ˩ | pv˩-mɤ˩-kʰɯ˥! People do not allow access! / Access is not allowed! (Context: a discussion about difficulties for the investigator to be allowed to stay in an area of Sichuan where Naish languages are spoken. The consultant summarizes as: "Access is not allowed!") 人家不让去！ pv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_comb. 梳. verb. ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ pv˩ to comb one's head 梳头 ʁo˧ pv˥ to comb one's head 梳头 pv˩ɭɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ button. 扣子. clothing. pv˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ coarse_comb. 粗齿梳子. clothing. pv˩pv˧ noun Tone: LM. pocket. 衣兜. clothing. bɑ˩lɑ˩-pv˥pv˩ pocket of the shirt; it can contain small objects such as tobacco and coins. 上衣兜子 Syn: tɑ˩dv˧˥ pv˩tɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ bucket/pail. 桶. object. pv˩tsɯ˧-pv˥mi˩ noun Tone: LM+#H-. combs. 梳子. clothing. pv˩tsɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: nɑ˧ fine_comb. 篦子. clothing. frame_to_tamp_thread. 梭子. pv˩ʈʰɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. pv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_weed. 拔（草）. verb. zɯ˧ pv˩ to pull out (weeds), to weed; to cut grass for cattle 拔草 zɯ˧ | le˧-pv˧˥ to pull out (weeds), to weed; to cut grass for cattle 拔草 pv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_draw. 拉出. verb. ʁæ˧mi˧ | tʰi˧-pv˧˥ to draw a sword 拉出剑 gæ˩-pv˧˥ to draw (a weapon), to take out of its sheath 拉出（剑……） ʁæ˧mi˧ | gæ˩-pv˧˥ to draw a sword 拉出剑 pv˧˥ classifier Tone: MHa. From: Chinese 步 . clf .strides . 量词 .步 . classifier. pʰæ˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_tie. 拴. verb. tʰi˧-pʰæ˧+ze˧ dur _ pfv dur _ pfv pʰæ˧~pʰæ˧ red 重叠 to_be_linked. 有联系. verb. pʰæ˧~pʰæ˧=ɻæ˩ ɲi˩! They are united / they make up a couple / they are united into a couple (about two young people) 他们有联系了/他们成了一俩了！（关于两个年轻人） pʰæ˧qʰwɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ face. 脸. body. pʰæ˧ʂv˧-di˧˥ noun scarf. 围巾. clothing. pʰæ˧tɕi˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: v˧ young_man. 小伙子. society. pʰæ˧tɕi˥-zo˩ young man 小伙子 pʰæ˧tɕi˥=ɻæ˩ young men 小伙子们 classifier: v˧ masculine_pillar. 第一根柱子. society. pʰæ˧ʈʂʰæ˧lo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ washbasin. 脸盆. object. pʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_shove. 推搡. verb. ɖɯ˩-tɕo˧ pʰæ˧˥, | ʈʂʰɯ˧-tɕo˧ pʰæ˧˥ to shove on this side, to shove on that side (e.g. at a station, when lots of people are shoving their way towards the ticket counter) 东推西挤 pʰæ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .flat_objects . 量词 .平面的东西 . classifier. pʰe˧ interjection Tone: M. intj .pooh . 感叹词.呸. interjection. pʰɤ˧bɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ gift. 礼物. object. pʰɤ˧bɤ˧ po˧-tsʰɯ˧˥ to bring gifts 带礼物 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧ ki˧-hĩ˧ pʰɤ˧bɤ˧ ŋi˩. This is a gift from Dashi! 这是达石给的礼物！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧ tʰi˧-ki˧-hĩ˧ pʰɤ˧bɤ˧ ŋi˩. This is a gift from Dashi! / Here is a gift for you from Dashi! 这是达石送你的礼物！ pʰɤ˧fv˩ noun Tone: L#. From: Chinese 壶? . teapot. 茶壶. food. pʰɤ˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_jackal. 公豺. animal. pʰɤ˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ female_jackal. 母豺. animal. pʰɤ˩-so˩~so˥ adjective loose. 松（土）. verb. ʈʂe˧ | pʰɤ˩-so˩~so˥-gv˩ the soil is loose, the soil has been loosened 土是松的 pʰɤ˩zo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_jackal. 豺崽子. animal. pʰɤ˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: mi˩ jackal. 豺. animal. pʰɤ˩ hwæ˧-ze˧ ...bought (a/the) jackal 买了豺 pʰɤ˩ dzɯ˧-ze˩ ...ate jackal 吃了豺 pʰi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ linen_cloth. 麻布. clothing. pʰi˩ dɑ˩˥ to weave linen 织麻布 pʰi˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_winnow. 簸. verb. hɑ˧ pʰi˧ to winnow cereals 簸粮食 pʰi˧~pʰi˧ red 重叠：簸一簸 le˧-pʰi˧(-ze˧) accomp _ ( pfv ) 簸了 pʰi˧kʰv˧ noun Tone: M. clamshell. 贝壳. object. pʰi˧li˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ butterfly. 蝴蝶. animal. pʰi˧mo˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: nɑ˧ winnowing_fan. 簸箕. object. See: pʰi˧mo˩2 pʰi˧mo˩ noun Tone: L#. snare. 抓鸟的圈套. object. v˩dze˩ qo˥-di˩, | pʰi˧mo˩! The thing to catch birds is called "snare"! 抓鸟的东西，（叫做）圈套！ See: pʰi˧mo˩1 pʰi˧tsʰo#˥ noun Tone: #H. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. pʰi˧tsʰo˧-ɖɯ˩ɖʐɯ˩ noun Tone: °L. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. pʰi˧ʈʂæ˧ verb Tone: M. From: Chinese 披毡 . 披毡::to_drape_oneself_in_a_cape. 披毡（ 借词） . verb. pʰi˩hæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: dzi˧ classifier: paire From: Chinese 皮(2ndsyllable:notidentified ) . sandal. 凉鞋. object. pʰi˩ko˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 苹果 . 苹果::apple. 苹果. plant. pʰi˩tʰɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: po˧ tinder. 火草. plant. pʰi˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_vomit. 呕吐. verb. le˧-pʰi˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 呕吐了 pʰo˥ verb Tone: H. to_drape_oneself_in. 披上. verb. mɤ˧-pʰo˥ neg 不披 bɑ˩lɑ˩ qɑ˩-pʰo˩˥ to put on a shirt without buttoning up 披上衣服（不系扣子） pʰo˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_open. 打开. verb. gɤ˩-pʰo˧ (-ze˧) to open up 打开 kʰi˧ pʰo˧ to open the door 开门 kʰi˧mi˧ le˧-pʰo˧ to open the door 开门 tso˧~tso˧ pʰo˧ to open something 打开东西 pʰo˩ a verb Tone: La. to_flee. 逃跑. verb. le˧-pʰo˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 逃跑了 le˧-pʰo˩-hɯ˩-ze˩! (She/he) has escaped! （他）逃跑了！ pʰo˩lɑ˧˥ verb Tone: LM+MH#. to_wage_war. 打仗. verb. mɤ˧-pʰo˩lɑ˩ neg 不打仗 pʰo˩lɑ˧˥ | ɖɯ˧-kʰv˧˥ a year of war, a year during which there was war 打仗的一年 pʰo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_sow. 播. verb. ɻæ˩ pʰo˧˥ to sow seeds 撒种子 pʰo˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .member_of_pair . 量词 .只 . classifier. pʰv˥ʈʂʰe˩ verb Tone: HL. to_distinguish. 区分. verb. le˧-pʰv˥ʈʂʰe˩ to distinguish, to tell apart (e.g. species of mushrooms) 分开、区分、区别开来 ɖɯ˧-pʰv˥ʈʂʰe˩=ɻ˩ delimitative _ inceptive 试着区分 mɤ˧-pʰv˥ʈʂʰe˩ not to distinguish, not to make any difference (e.g. between different species of mushrooms) 不分开，不分，不区分 pʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: v˧ male. 公的. animal. ʈʂʰɯ˧, | pʰv˧ ɲi˩! It's a male! 这（只动物）是公的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧, | pʰv˧! It's a male! 这（只动物）是公的！ pʰv˧ noun Tone: M. price. 价格. pʰv˧dʑo#˥ noun Tone: #H. village_of_Labai. 拉伯. place name. pʰv˧dʑo˧ dzi˧˥ to live in Labai, to dwell in Labai 在拉柏住 pʰv˧dʑo˧-hĩ#˥ noun Tone: #H. 拉伯人. place name. pʰv˧ɖɯ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. Etym: pʰv˧ 2; ɖɯ˩a. expensive. 贵. adjective. pʰv˧ɖɯ˧ ʝi˥ to care for, to give great attention to 关心 pʰv˧kɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ blanket. 被子. house. pʰv˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ wool_fabric. 氆氇. clothing. pʰv˧ɭɯ˧-ʈʰæ˧qʰwɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ woolen_skirt. 羊毛裙子. clothing. pʰv˧tv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_water_buffalo. 公水牛. animal. dʑi˧mi˧-pʰv˩tv˩ same meaning: male water buffalo 同上：公水牛 dʑi˧mi˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-pʰo˩ dʑo˩, | pʰv˧tv˥ ɲi˩! This buffalo is a male! 这头水牛是公的/是公水牛！ pʰv˧ʐo˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. Etym: pʰv˧ 2; ʐo˩a. cheap. 便宜. adjective. See: pʰv˩ a classifier Tone: Lb. clf .fields . 量词 .田地 . classifier. lv˧ | ɖɯ˧-pʰv˩ a field 一块田 pʰv˩ a adjective Tone: La. white. 白色. adjective. pʰv˩-hĩ˩˥ rel 白的 pʰv˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_move_around. 摇动. verb. bo˩˥ | tʰi˧-pʰv˩-dʑo˩ The pig is moving around (restlessly). 猪在翻滚 bo˩-ɳɯ˧ | pʰv˧~pʰv˩ same meaning as above 猪在翻滚 pʰv˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_expand. 扩散. verb. zo˧mv˥ | tʰi˧-pʰv˩ the children spread into new territory; the family spreads, expands into new areas 孩子们扩散（到新的地方） pʰv˩-tɕæ˩ɻæ˥ adjective Tone: L+H#. Etym: pʰv˩a. white. 很白. adjective. pʰv˩tɕæ˩ɻæ˥-gv˩ very white 很白 pʰv˩↑tɕæ˥ɻæ˩-gv˩ very white 很白 pʰæ˧qʰwɤ˩ | pʰv˩tɕæ˩ɻæ˥-gv˩ the face is very white 脸很白 pʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_take_off. 脱. verb. pʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_boil. 煮. verb. jɤ˩jo˥ F | pʰv˧˥! | æ˩ʁv˩˥ F | pʰv˧˥! Potatoes can be boiled! Eggs can be boiled! 洋芋，是（可以）煮的！鸡蛋，是（可以）煮的！ æ˩ʁv˩ pʰv˥ to cook eggs in water 煮鸡蛋 jɤ˩jo˥ pʰv˩ to boil potatoes 煮洋芋 le˧-pʰv˧ | le˧-mv˩-ze˩! It is cooked (from boiling)! / It has been boiled to the point when it is now well-done/cooked 煮熟了！ pʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_pour. 倒. verb. ʐɯ˧ pʰv˧˥ to pour wine, to serve wine 倒酒 dʑɯ˩ pʰv˩˥ to pour water, to serve water (as a beverage) 倒水 mv˩tɕo˧ pʰv˧˥ to pour out, to spill on the floor 往外倒 ɖæ˩˥ | mv˩tɕo˧ pʰv˥ to throw out garbage, to pour garbage (out of a bucket onto a dirt heap) 倒垃圾 pʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_turn_over. 翻身. verb. le˧-wo˧ tsɤ˥-pʰv˩ | to turn over (when lying down) 翻身 ɖɯ˧-tɕo˥ tsɤ˩-pʰv˩, | ʈʂʰɯ˧-tɕo˥ tsɤ˩-pʰv˩ to turn over this way and that (when lying down: turning over restlessly) 翻来翻去