Index

n

nɑ˥ nɑ˧ a nɑ˧dʑi#˥ nɑ˧mi#˥ nɑ˧~nɑ˥ nɑ˧ʈʂʰõ˧-õ˩di˩-pɤ˩ nɑ˩ b nɑ˩bɑ˧-ʁɑ˧ɭɯ#˥ nɑ˩dzi˧ nɑ˩hĩ#˥ nɑ˩kwɤ˧ nɑ˩mi#˥ nɑ˩mv˥-nɑ˩dzi˩dzi˩ nɑ˩pv˧-qʰwɤ˧ nɑ˩tsʰi˩ nɑ˩zo#˥ nɑ˩-ʐwɤ˥ nɑ˧˥ nɑ˩˧ næ˩-qʰæ˥ʈʂʰe˩ -ne ni˥ ni˧fv˥ ni˧mi#˥ njæ˥-qv˩ njæ˧bæ˥ njæ˧-sɯ˩kv˩ njæ˧tsɯ˩ njæ˧-zɯ˩ njæ˩pʰv˧ njæ˩qwæ˧˥ njæ˩qʰæ#˥ njɤ˧di˧˥ njɤ˧kv˩ njɤ˧kv˩-njɤ˩tsʰɤ˩ njɤ˧lɑ˥ njɤ˧le˧gv#˥ njɤ˧mv˥ njɤ˧mv˥-mi˩ njɤ˧nɑ˩ njɤ˧ʈʂɤ˥ njɤ˩ njɤ˩ b njɤ˩bi˥ njɤ˩-gɤ˧lɑ˩ njɤ˩kʰi#˥ njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ njɤ˩qʰwɤ˧˥ njɤ˩-tse˧~tse˩ njɤ˩ʈʂv˧˥ njɤ˧˥ njɤ˧˥ njɤ˧˥ njɤ˩˥ njo˥ njo˧ njo˧bi˧li˥ njo˩bi˥ njo˩kæ˧tɕi˩˥ njo˩pɤ˩lv˥ njo˩˥ no˧no˧ no˧no˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ no˧=ɻ˩ no˧-sɯ˩kv˩ no˧zɯ˩ no˩ no˩bv˧ no˩qo˥ no˩zɯ˧˥ nv˥ nv˥ nv˧hṽ˩ nv˧hṽ˩-bi˩bi˩ nv˧pɤ˩ nv˧tv˥ nv˩dʑɯ˥ nv˩ho#˥ nv˩ɭɯ˧ nv˩mi˩ nv˩mi˩-ɖɯ˩ nv˩mi˩-ki˧ki˩ nv˩mi˩-ʈʰi˩ nv˩pi˧ nv˩tɕʰi#˥ nv˩tsɑ˧˥ nv˩ze˧

nɑ˥ adjective Tone: H. serious. 严重. adjective. mɤ˧-nɑ˥ not serious 不严重 nɑ˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .tools . 量词 .把 . classifier. nɑ˧dʑi#˥ noun Tone: #H. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. nɑ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ hardship. 艰难/艰苦. abstract. nɑ˧mi˧ tʰv˧! Hardship has come! 现在是艰苦的时候！ / 现在很贫困！ nɑ˧~nɑ˥ adverb Etym: nɑ˩. secretly. 暗暗. adverb. nɑ˧nɑ˥ | le˧-li˧ le˧-do˧ | to see (someone) for whom one was secretly on the lookout 偷偷地看见 nɑ˧~nɑ˥ se˩ | to walk furtively 贼头贼脑地走 nɑ˧ʈʂʰõ˧-õ˩di˩-pɤ˩ noun classifier: pʰæ˧˥ streamer_of_scriptures. 经幡. religion. nɑ˩ b adjective Tone: Lb. black. 黑. adjective. nɑ˩-hĩ˥ rel 黑的 mɤ˧-nɑ˩ neg 不黑 nɑ˩bɑ˧-ʁɑ˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. name_of_mountain. 一座山的名字. place name. nɑ˩dzi˧ adverb Tone: LM. dark. 暗. time. nɑ˩dzi˧-ze˩! It has got dark! Twilight has come! 天变暗了！ / 黄昏到了！ nɑ˩dzi˧-ho˩-ze˩! It's going to get dark! （天）要变暗了！ nɑ˩hĩ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: v˧ Naxi. 纳西族. ethnic groups. nɑ˩hĩ˧-mi˧ ɲi˥! She is a Naxi women! / It's a Naxi woman! 她是纳西族女人！ nɑ˩hĩ˧-bɑ˧lɑ˥ the Naxi costume, Naxi garments 纳西族服装 nɑ˩hĩ˧-ʐwɤ˧ so˥ to study the Naxi language 学纳西语 nɑ˩hĩ˧-tʰæ˧ɻæ˥ Naxi books 纳西族的书 nɑ˩kwɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ 南瓜::pumpkin. 南瓜. plant. nɑ˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. Na_woman. 摩梭女人. society. nɑ˩mv˥-nɑ˩dzi˩dzi˩ adjective completely_dark. 很暗. time. nɑ˩pv˧-qʰwɤ˧ noun Tone: LM-. emperor. 皇帝. society. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | nɑ˩pʰv˧-qʰwɤ˧-ni˩gv˩! He's got an empereror's looks! / He thinks he's the emperor! (Mocking someone who thinks he or she can impose his/her decisions to everyone, who thinks (s)he is a great leader.) 他摆出做皇帝的样子！ / 他以为他是皇帝吧！（嘲笑一个自以为是的人） nɑ˩tsʰi˩ noun Tone: L. name_of_mountain. 一座山的名字. place name. kɤ˧mv˧˥, | æ˧ʂæ˧, | ŋwɤ˧hɑ̃˩, | ʂwæ˧gv#˥, | nɑ˩tsʰi˩˥ | -tɕʰɤ˧pɤ˧mi#˥, | qv˧ɻ˧-ʈʂʰɑ˧nɑ˥ | The six mountains of Yongning that carry a name and have a definite symbolic value. The other mountains do not have comparable symbolic value, and fewer people use specific names for them. 永宁地区有固定名字的六座山。其它的山，因为没有重要的象征意义，因此没有取名。 nɑ˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. Na_man. 摩梭男人. society. nɑ˩-ʐwɤ˥ noun Tone: LH. Na_language. 摩梭话. language. nɑ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to tremble. 发抖. verb. nɑ˩~nɑ˧-ze˥ red pfv 发抖了 le˧-nɑ˩~nɑ˩ accomp red accomp red lo˩qʰwɤ˥ | nɑ˩~nɑ˧˥ the hand trembles 手抖 nɑ˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: v˧ endonym .Na . 自称：摩梭族. ethnic groups. nɑ˩-mv˧ nɑ˥-di˩ | Na territory 摩梭人地区 ə˧ʝi˧-ʂɯ˥ʝi˩, | nɑ˩zo˧-tɑ˥mv˩-ɳɯ˩ | dʑo˧-ɲi˥-tsɯ˩! Na traditions used to mention this! / There used to be Na traditions about this! (Context: when reference is made to local customs, to explain what is allowed and what is not.) 过去，摩梭人的传统（里）有（关于这些问题的说法）嘛！ næ˩-qʰæ˥ʈʂʰe˩ adjective completely_dark. 黑乎乎. adjective. -ne suffix like. 像. morphosyntax. no˧-ɳɯ˧ hwæ˧-ne˧-ʝi˥ | zo˧! as if you were buying 就像你来买一样！ no˧-ɳɯ˧ lɑ˧˥ | -ne˧-ʝi˥ | zo˧! as if you were striking 就像你来打一样！ no˧-ɳɯ˧ pi˧-ne˧-ʝi˥ | zo˧! as if you decided 就像你来说一样！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ thus, in this way 这样 ni˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: po˧ amaranth. 苋米. plant. ni˧fv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ large_bag. 大包. object. jɤ˧ŋɤ˧-ni˧fv˥ Chengdu bag (note: this kind of large, solid bag was often purchased in the area of Chengdu, hence their association with this place name.) 成都大包。（据说这类的包一般是成都地区生产的。） ni˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ sisters. 姐妹. society. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-bv˧ | ni˧mi˧ ɲi˥. She is /ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧/’s sister. 她是达石的姐姐（或妹妹） njæ˥-qv˩ verb Tone: H#-. to_look_away. 看别的方向. verb. hĩ˧ njæ˧qv˥ to turn away the head from, to look away from (someone that one despises, hates...) 看别的方向，不直接看（蔑视态度） mɤ˧-njæ˥qv˩ neg neg njæ˧bæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ʈʰɤ˥ tear. 眼泪. body. njæ˧-sɯ˩kv˩ pronoun Tone: °L. 1pl .exclusive . 我们. morphosyntax. njæ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥! We (exclusive) don't know! 我们不知道！ ʈʂʰɯ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩, | njæ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩-bv˩ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥! They do not understand us! (Context: about people coming from other areas, who do not understand local custom and habits) 他们不了解我们！ njæ˧tsɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ eyebrow. 眉毛. body. njæ˧tsɯ˩-ɖæ˩ eyebrow (this formulation avoids ambiguity between 'eyebrow' and 'eyelashes') 眉毛 njæ˧tsɯ˩ | mv˩tɕo˧ kʰɯ˧˥ to knit the brows (literally "to lower the brows") 皱眉毛 eyelashes. njæ˧tsɯ˩-ʂæ˩ njæ˧-zɯ˩ pronoun Tone: L#. 1du . 我们两个. morphosyntax. ɑ˩ʁo˧(-hĩ˧) | njæ˧zɯ˩ ho˩-dʑo˩! (We cannot stay any longer because) our family is waiting for us! （我们两个不能再呆在这里了，）家里在等我们！ njæ˩pʰv˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ white_of_the_eye. 白眼球. body. njæ˩qwæ˧˥ adjective Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: v˧ blind. 眼睛瞎了. society. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njæ˩qwæ˧-ze˥ (S)he went blind. 他眼睛瞎了。 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njæ˩qwæ˧ ɲi˥. (S)he is blind. 他是瞎子。 njæ˩qwæ˧-mi#˥ blind woman 眼睛瞎了的女人 njæ˩qwæ˧-zo#˥ blind man 眼睛瞎了的男人 njæ˩qwæ˧-hĩ#˥ blind person 瞎子 njæ˩qʰæ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ gum_in_the_eyes. 眼屎. body. njɤ˧di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ glue. 胶. object. njɤ˧kv˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ cheekbone. 颧骨. body. See: kv˩kv˩ njɤ˧kv˩-njɤ˩tsʰɤ˩ adjective Tone: L#-. beautiful. 美丽. verb. ə˧mi˧! | mv˩zo˩ ʈʂʰɯ˩-ɭɯ˥ | njɤ˧kv˩-njɤ˩tsʰɤ˩! | ɖwæ˧˥ | ə˧v˧˥! Wow! This young lady is really beautiful! Very pretty! 啊呀，这个少女真美丽！很漂亮！ njɤ˧kv˩njɤ˩tsʰɤ˩ | ʐwæ˩˥ extremely beautiful 非常美 See: njɤ˧lɑ˥ adverb early. 早. time. njɤ˧lɑ˥ | gɤ˩-ʈi˧ to rise early 起得早 njɤ˧le˧gv#˥ noun Tone: #H. daytime. 白天. time. ɲi˧mi˧-njɤ˩le˩gv˩ daytime 白天 njɤ˧mv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: qɑ˩ pig_fodder. 灰条菜/灰灰菜. plant. njɤ˧mv˥-mi˩ noun Tone: H#-L. classifier: mi˩ camel. 骆驼. animal. njɤ˧mv˥mi˩-zo˩ baby camel 小骆驼 njɤ˧mv˥mi˩-pʰv˩ male camel 公骆驼 njɤ˧nɑ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ eyeball. 眼珠. body. njɤ˧ʈʂɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. black_jack. 鬼针草. plant. njɤ˩ pronoun Tone: L. 1sg . 我. morphosyntax. njɤ˩ ɲi˩˥! It's me! (Typical answer at the door) 是我！（情景：一个人敲门，里面的人问是谁，人家回答：“是我！”） njɤ˧ no˧ lɑ˧˥ I strike you 我打你 njɤ˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_husk. 舂. verb. le˧-njɤ˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 舂了 hɑ˧ njɤ˧˥ to husk rice 舂米 hɑ˧ | le˧-njɤ˩ to husk rice 舂米 hɑ˧ | ɖɯ˧-njɤ˧~njɤ˩-ɻ˩ rice - delimitative red inceptive 把米舂一舂 njɤ˩bi˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ top_eyelid. 上眼皮. body. njɤ˩-gɤ˧lɑ˩ noun Tone: L-L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ eyeball. 眼珠. body. njɤ˩kʰi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ bottom_eyelid. 下眼皮. body. njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ eye. 眼睛. body. njɤ˩qʰwɤ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ orbit. 眼眶. body. njɤ˩-tse˧~tse˩ noun Tone: L-L#. classifier: po˧ branched_horsetail. 节节草. plant. njɤ˩ʈʂv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: mi˩ loach. 泥鳅. animal. njɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_glue. 贴. verb. le˧-njɤ˧-ze˥! accomp _ pfv : It's glued! It's glued! 粘在一起了！ tso˧~tso˧ le˧-ɖʐɤ˧, | le˧-njɤ˧˥! When something (e.g. a book) is torn, (we) glue it together! 东西撕破了，粘在一起（就好了） See: njɤ˧˥2 njɤ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. sticky. 黏. adjective. See: njɤ˧˥1 njɤ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. early. 早. adjective. njɤ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ eye. 眼睛. body. njo˥ noun Tone: #H. cucurbit_flute. 葫芦丝. music. njo˧ mv˥ to play the cucurbit flute 吹响葫芦丝 njo˧ noun Tone: M. ear. 谷穗. plant. hɑ˧-njo˩ ear of cereals 谷穗 mv˧dze˧-njo˧ (+ɲi˩) ear of barley 大麦穗 tsʰi˧zi˧-hɑ˧njo˥ (+ɲi˩) ear of highland barley 青稞穗 njo˧bi˧li˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lips. 嘴唇. body. njo˩bi˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ breast. 乳房. body. ʝi˧-njo˥bi˩ cow's breast 牛的奶头 njo˩bi˧-ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ nipple, teat 乳头 njo˩kæ˧tɕi˩˥ noun Tone: LM+LH. From: Chinese 牛肝菌 . 牛肝菌::cep. 牛肝菌（ 借词） . plant. See: jɤ˧qʰɑ˧-pɤ˥jɤ˩-mo˩ njo˩pɤ˩lv˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ udder. 牛的奶头. animal. njo˩˥ noun Tone: LH. milk. 奶汁. body. njo˩ ki˧ to breast-feed (literally 'to give milk') 给（喂）奶 njo˩ ʈʰɯ˩˥ to drink milk 喝奶 no˧no˧ noun Tone: M. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. no˧no˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. no˧=ɻ˩ pronoun Tone: L#. 2pl . 你们. morphosyntax. See: no˧-sɯ˩kv˩ no˧-sɯ˩kv˩ pronoun Tone: °L. 2pl . 你们. morphosyntax. no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥! You (plural) don't know (about this)! 你们不知道！ njɤ˧ | no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥! I don't know you! / I am not familiar with your situation/business! 我不认识你们！ / 我不熟悉你们！ njɤ˧ | no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ lɑ˩ / njɤ˧ | no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ lɑ˩-bi˩ I strike you ( pl ) / I am going to strike you 我打你们 / 我要打你们 no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ lɑ˩-bi˩ you are going to strike 你们要打了 no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | sɯ˧! you know, you are aware (of this) 你们知道 no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | le˧-li˧ you are looking 你们在看 no˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ | li˧-bi˧! you are going to look 你们去看吧！ no˧zɯ˩ pronoun Tone: L#. 2du . 你们俩. morphosyntax. See: no˩zɯ˧˥ no˩ pronoun Tone: L. 2sg . 你. morphosyntax. no˩ ɲi˩˥ It's you! 是你！ no˩bv˧ noun Tone: LM. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. no˩qo˥ adverb Tone: LH. close_to. ……附近. morphosyntax. no˩zɯ˧˥ pronoun Tone: LM+MH#. 2du . 你们俩. morphosyntax. See: no˧zɯ˩ nv˥ verb Tone: H. to_chase. 追赶. verb. le˧-nv˥ accomp accomp ʈʂɤ˩nv˩ to chase after, to pursue 追赶 le˧-ʈʂɤ˩nv˩ to chase after, to pursue 追赶 le˧-ʈʂɤ˩nv˩ | le˧-hɯ˩ He went to chase after 追赶去了 nv˥ verb Tone: H. to_bury. 埋. verb. nv˧hṽ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: v˥ bean. 豆子. plant. nv˧hṽ˩-bi˩bi˩ noun Tone: L#-. classifier: kʰɤ˧˥ classifier: panier green_bean. 四季豆. plant. nv˧pɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. broad_beans. 蚕豆. plant. nv˧tv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ nosebag. 饲料袋子. object. nv˩dʑɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: v˥ classifier: casseroles bean_curd. 豆腐. plant. nv˩ho#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: v˥ soft_beancurd. 豆花. plant. nv˩ɭɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: wɤ˩ classifier: une charge soy. 黄豆. plant. nv˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ heart. 心脏. body. hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧, | nv˩mi˩ tɕi˥! | This person lacks courage! (literally "...(his/her) heart is small") 这个人，胆小！（直译：“心小”） nv˩mi˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ tsɤ˧ | in sympathy, in unison 情投意合 nv˩mi˩˥ | tʰi˧-tɕɯ˥ | so˩˥ to study patiently / to teach patiently 耐心地学习 / 耐心地教 nv˩mi˩-qo˥ | tʰi˧-ʑi˥ to remember, to keep in mind 记住、记得（直译：‘心里存着’、‘心里有’） nv˩mi˩-qo˥ | tʰi˧-kʰɯ˧˥ to make an effort to remember, to carry in mind 记住（直译：‘放在心里’） state_of_mind. 心情. nv˩mi˩ dzɯ˩~dzɯ˩-ɻ˥ not to get along well; to quarrel all the time; to poison each other's life 经常吵架、过不到一起去 nv˩mi˩-ɖɯ˩ adjective Tone: L. Etym: nv˩mi˩; ɖɯ˩a. brave. 勇敢. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | nv˩mi˩˥ | ɖwæ˧˥ | ɖɯ˩˥! | hĩ˧ | mɤ˧-ɖwæ˥! (S)he is very brave! (S)he is not afraid of others / (s)he fears no one! 他很勇敢！谁也不怕！ pɤ˩mi˩˥ | nv˩mi˩ ɖɯ˩˥, | ʝi˧-ɳɯ˧ tʰv˧˥; | mi˩zɯ˩ nv˥mi˩ ɖɯ˩ (-dʑo˩), | hĩ˧-ɳɯ˧ lɑ˧˥! "If the frog is brave, it gets stamped on by the ox; if the woman is brave, she gets beaten!" (Explanation: weaker creatures must not be too brave: if a frog fears nothing and ventures onto the roads, it can easily get crushed to death; if a woman behaves with masculine self-assurance and courage, she gets into situations where people come to hands, and she eventually has the lower hand.) “勇敢的青蛙，被牛压死。勇敢的女人，被人家打！”（说明：青蛙太勇敢，上马路，就容易被压死，而女人太勇敢，容易跟别人发生矛盾，最后就打不过男人。） nv˩mi˩-ki˧ki˩ adjective Etym: nv˩mi˩; ki˧a. with_similar_mood. 心意相通. adjective. nv˩mi˩-ʈʰi˩ adjective Tone: L. Etym: nv˩mi˩; ʈʰi˩a. worn_out. 没精神. adjective. nv˩pi˧ noun Tone: LM. soybean_dregs. 豆粕. plant. nv˩tɕʰi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kʰɤ˧˥ classifier: panier bean_chaff(fine). 豆类的细糠秕. plant. nv˩tsɑ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: mɤ˩, etc bean_chaff(coarse). 粗的豆糠. plant. nv˩ze˧ noun Tone: LM. chickpea. 鹰嘴豆. plant.