Index

j

jɤ˧ jɤ˧ jɤ˧ jɤ˧gɯ˩ jɤ˧ŋɤ˧ jɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ jɤ˧qʰɑ˧-pɤ˥jɤ˩-mo˩ jɤ˧wo˧˥ jɤ˩ jɤ˩ a jɤ˩ a jɤ˩ɕjo˧-dzɑ˧qʰwɤ˩ jɤ˩ho˧ jɤ˩jo#˥ jɤ˩jo˧-bv#˥ jɤ˩pæ˧sɯ˥$ jɤ˩po˧ jɤ˩po˧ jɤ˩tʰi˧-ʁæ˩bæ˩ jɤ˧˥ jɤ˧˥ jɤ˧˥ a jɤ˧˥ a jo˥ jo˧ jo˧gv˧ jo˧gv˧-ŋv˧lv˧ jo˧mi˧ jo˧mi˧-ʁwɤ˧ jo˩ jo˩ b jo˩gi˩ jo˩kʰv˩ jo˩lo˩ jo˩pv˧ jo˩pʰv˩ jo˩ʂwæ˩ jo˩zo˩ jo˧˥ jo˩˧ je˧pʰi˧-jɤ#˥ je˩ʐe˧

jɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. good. 好. adjective. mɤ˧-jɤ˧ neg : it's not good! It's not right! (About someone's behaviour) 不好（形容一个人的行为） jɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. flat. 平. adjective. mɤ˧-jɤ˧ neg : not flat; uneven 不平 jɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ko˧ From: Chinese 烟? . tobacco. 烟（ 借词?） . food. jɤ˧ ʈʰɯ˩ to smoke tobacco 抽烟 jɤ˧gɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: kɤ˧˥ buckwheat. 甜荞. plant. See: jɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ jɤ˧ŋɤ˧ noun Tone: M. Chengdu. 成都. place name. ho˧di˧-jɤ˧ŋɤ˧ same meaning 同上 jɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kɤ˧˥ bitter_buckwheat. 苦荞. plant. See: jɤ˧gɯ˩ jɤ˧qʰɑ˧-pɤ˥jɤ˩-mo˩ noun Tone: #H°. cep. 牛肝菌. plant. See: njo˩kæ˧tɕi˩˥ jɤ˧wo˧˥ verb Tone: MH#. to_regress. 倒退. verb. no˧ | jɤ˧wo˧˥ | sɯ˧ɖʐæ˧! / no˧ | le˧-wo˥ | sɯ˧ɖʐæ˧! You are regressing! (Said to a child who had already developed a habit of going to the loo in the previous weeks, but who, that day, pooed in her trousers.) 你这是在退步！（情景：一个小孩已经几个礼拜有了上厕所的习惯，那天又把屎拉在裤头里） jɤ˩ verb Tone: Lb. to_be_dejected. 没精神. verb. tʰi˧-jɤ˩-ho˩-ze˩! (S)he is getting listless/dispirited! 他没精神了！ ɑ˩ʁo˧ ʂv˧ɖv˧ | tʰi˧-jɤ˩-ho˩-tsɯ˩! When one misses home, one gets listless/dispirited! 想家的时候，没精神！ ɑ˩ʁo˧ ʂv˧ɖv˧-zo˥, | tʰi˧-jɤ˩-ho˩! When one misses home, one gets listless/dispirited! 想家的时候，没精神！ ɲi˧mi˧ tsʰi˧-zo˩, | tʰi˧-jɤ˩-ho˩! When the weather is hot, one gets listless/dispirited! 天气很热，没精神！ jɤ˩-mɤ˥-jɤ˩ _ neg _ _ neg _ jɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_coil. 盘绕. verb. sɑ˧ jɤ˥ to coil linen thread 盘麻线 sɑ˧ | le˧-jɤ˩ to coil linen thread 盘麻线 See: tɕɯ˧ɭɯ˧ jɤ˩ a adjective Tone: La. overcooked. （煮）烂. adjective. le˧-tɕɤ˧˥ | le˧-jɤ˩-ze˩! It got sodden after boiling! / After boiling, it got all mushy/overdone! 煮烂了！ jɤ˩-hĩ˩˥ rel / nmlz 烂的 jɤ˩ɕjo˧-dzɑ˧qʰwɤ˩ noun Tone: LM-L#. classifier: dzi˧ classifier: paire sandal. 凉鞋. object. jɤ˩ho˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: po˩ From: Chinese 洋火 . 洋火::matches. 火柴. object. jɤ˩jo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kɤ˧˥ From: Chinese 洋芋 . potato. 洋芋. plant. jɤ˩jo˧-bv#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: mi˩ Etym: jɤ˩jo#˥; bv˥. grub. 蛴螬. animal. jɤ˩pæ˧sɯ˥$ noun Tone: LM+H$. Yang_Chieftain. 杨把事（ 借词） . given name. jɤ˩pæ˧sɯ˧=ɻ˥$ _ associative : the people of the Yang Chieftain family 杨把事家族 jɤ˩pɑ˧sɯ˥ | ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧ the proper name of a person of the Yang Chieftain family (given name: Dashi): 'Dashi of the Yang Chieftain family'. 杨把事家的一个人的名字：杨把事•达石 See: pæ˧sɯ˧ jɤ˩po˧ verb Tone: LM. to_gamble. 赌博. verb. jɤ˩po˧ verb Tone: LM. to_gamble. 赌. verb. jɤ˩tʰi˧-ʁæ˩bæ˩ noun Tone: LM-L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ porcelain_plate. 瓷盘. object. jɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_lick. 舔. verb. tso˧~tso˧ jɤ˩ to lick something 舔东西 dzɯ˧-di˧ jɤ˥ to lick food 舔食品 tso˧tso˧ ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ jɤ˩-ze˩ (S)he has licked something. 他舔了一个东西。 jɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. wild_radish. 红萝卜菜. plant. jɤ˧ dzɯ˧ | qʰɑ˧-sɯ˥~sɯ˩, | jɤ˧ ʈʂɤ˥ ŋv˩-ɭɯ˩~ɭɯ˩! "The wild radish is bitter; and its harvest costs tears! / The wild radish tastes bitter; and its harvest is bitter, too! / The wild radish is all bitterness inside, and all bitterness at the harvest!" This proverb evokes the difficulty of the harvest, which requires long wanderings up high on the mountain. “红萝卜菜，味道苦，去摘也要流眼泪！ / 红萝卜菜，吃起来苦，摘起来也苦！”摘红萝卜菜，需要爬高山，寻找时间长，永宁坝子的农民觉得这比较苦。 See: ʝi˧ʂæ˧tsʰɤ˩ jɤ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .females . 量词 .母性 . classifier. jɤ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .balls/cakes . 量词 .面团/茶并 . classifier. æ˩ʁv˩-pɤ˥jɤ˩ | ɖɯ˧-jɤ˧˥ a ball of egg dough 一个鸡蛋面团 ʝi˧-jɤ˧˥ one ball/cake 一个团/并 jo˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ From: Chinese 玉 . jade. 玉石. clothing. jo˧ verb Tone: M intrans. to_come/to_come_in. 来. verb. le˧-jo˧-ze˧! accomp _ pfv : (s)he has come (s)he has come 来了！ jo˧gv˧ noun Tone: M. Lijiang. 丽江. place name. jo˧gv˧-ŋv˧lv˧ noun Tone: M. Yulong_snow_mountain. 玉龙雪山. place name. jo˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: pʰo˧˥ ewe. 母绵羊. animal. jo˧mi˧-po˧lo˧ ewe and ram 母绵羊与公羊 jo˧mi˧-ʁwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. village_name. 有米瓦村. place name. jo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: pʰo˧˥ sheep. 绵羊. animal. jo˩-ɣɯ˩˥ sheep skin 羊皮 jo˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .ounce . 量词 .两 . classifier. jo˩gi˩ noun Tone: L. right. 右边. space. jo˩gi˩dzɤ˩ the side to the right, the right 右边 See: jo˩˧ jo˩kʰv˩ noun Tone: L. year_of_the_goat. 羊年. time. jo˩lo˩ noun Tone: L. right. 右边. space. See: jo˩˧ jo˩pv˧ noun Tone: LM / LM+MH#. classifier: tsʰi˥ From: Chinese 油布 . oilcloth. 油布. clothing. jo˩pv˧˥ oilcloth (tonal variant) 油布（声调变体） jo˩pʰv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: pʰo˧˥ classifier: mi˩ male_sheep. 公绵羊. animal. jo˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# _ dem clf : that ram 这头公羊 See: po˧lo˧ jo˩ʂwæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: pʰo˧˥ wether. 阉羊. animal. jo˩zo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lamb. 绵羊羔. animal. jo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_offer. 赠给. verb. jo˩˧ noun Tone: LM. right. 右边. space. See: jo˩gi˩ je˧pʰi˧-jɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. From: Chinese 鸦片 . Etym: 鸦片; jɤ˧. Opium is smoked, like tobacco. In Na, it was borrowed as 'opium tobacco'. The word for 'tobacco', /jɤ˧/, is likely to be a Chinese borrowing too, but by the time the word 'opium' was borrowed, it was most probably not perceived as a loanword anymore, and could assist the interpretation of the new loanword, 'opium'. opium. 鸦片（ 借词） . food. je˩ʐe˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: v˧ From: Chinese 洋人 . 洋人::Westerner. 洋人（ 借词） . ethnic groups.