Index

b

bɑ˧lɑ˧kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧ bɑ˩lɑ˩ bɑ˩˥ bæ˧ bæ˧ bæ˧ a bæ˧bv˥ bæ˧ɖæ˧ bæ˧mi˧ bæ˧mi˧ bæ˧mi˧-pʰv#˥ bæ˧pʰv#˥ bæ˧ʁwɤ˧ bæ˧zo#˥ bæ˩ bæ˩ a bæ˩ a bæ˩ a bæ˩bæ˩ bæ˩bæ˩ bæ˩dʑɯ˥ bæ˩-lɑ˩~lɑ˥ bæ˩-ljɤ˧~ljɤ˧ bæ˩pʰv˥ bæ˩-ʁwæ˩~ʁwæ˥ bæ˩ʈʂo˥ bæ˩ʈʂwæ˩ bæ˧˥ bæ˩˥ bæ˩˧ bɤ˥ bɤ˧dzi˩ bɤ˧kɯ˧ bɤ˧mi#˥ bɤ˧mi˥-ʂe˩ bɤ˧ʂɯ˩ bɤ˧tʰv˩ bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥ bɤ˧zo#˥ bɤ˩ a bɤ˩ a bɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩ bɤ˧˥ a bi˥ bi˥ bi˧ bi˧ bi˧ bi˧bv˥ bi˧ɕi˧kv˥ bi˧hæ˧˥ bi˧-lv˧~lv˥ bi˧mi˧ bi˧tɑ˧ bi˧tɕɤ˩ bi˧tɕo˧ bi˧zɯ˧ bi˩ c bi˩bi˧ bi˩mi˩ bi˩pʰv˧-dʑɯ˧˥ bi˩pʰv˧˥ bi˩ʁo˥ bi˩tɑ˩ bi˩-tsɯ˧tsɯ˧ bi˩ʈʂʰɤ#˥ bi˩wɤ˧ bo bo˧ bo˧ bo˧ b bo˧tsi˩ bo˧ʐæ˧ʈæ˧qʰv#˥ bo˩ a bo˩ b bo˩-bi˧mi˧ bo˩-bv˥ bo˩dze˧ bo˩dze˧-ko˩dze˩ bo˩-ɣɯ˥ bo˩-hɑ#˥ bo˩-kʰɯ˧ bo˩-kʰv˧˥ bo˩ɬɑ˥ bo˩-ɬo˥ bo˩-mæ˧qv˩ bo˩-mɤ˥ bo˩mi˧ bo˩mi˧-dʑɯ˩pv˩ bo˩mi˧-dʑɯ˩pʰv˩ bo˩mi˧-ɳæ˧tɕʰɯ˩ bo˩pʰv˧ bo˩qʰæ˧-pv˧ʈɤ˥-ɻ˩ bo˩tv#˥ bo˩ʈʂʰæ˥ bo˩zɑ˧mi#˥ bo˩˧ bõ bv˥ bv˥ bv˥ bv˥ bv˧ bv˧ɖæ˧ bv˧hu˧˥ bv˧kʰɯ˧˥ bv˧mi˧ bv˧mi˧ bv˧-nɑ˥mi˩ bv˧nv˧ bv˧nv˧ bv˧pʰv˧ bv˧qʰv˧ʑi˩-hĩ˩ bv˧ɻ#˥ bv˧ʂæ˧ bv˧tɕi˧ bv˧ʈʂɯ˥ bv˧ʈʂʰv˧ bv˧zo#˥ bv˧ʐv˧-kʰv˧˥ bv˩ bv˩ a bv˩ a bv˩ a bv˩ a bv˩ a bv˩di˩ bv˩dze˩ bv˩dze˩ bv˩hwɤ˩ bv˩ɭɯ˩ bv˩qo˩-bv˧qʰæ˩ bv˩qo˩-qʰæ˩ bv˩-qʰæ˩ bv˩qʰv˩ bv˩ʂwæ˩ bv˩zo˩ bv˩ʐv˩-dzi˩ bv˩˧ bv˩˧

bɑ˧lɑ˧kʰɯ˧tsʰɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ spider. 蜘蛛. animal. bɑ˩lɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ jacket. 上衣. clothing. ɣɯ˩-bɑ˩lɑ˥ (+ɲi˩) leather jacket 皮衣 bɑ˩˥ particle Tone: L?. affirm . 句尾助词.肯定. morphosyntax. bæ˧ adjective Tone: M. stupid. 傻. adjective. bæ˧-hĩ˧ rel 傻的 bæ˧ verb Tone: M intrans. to_let_go. 放弃. verb. no˧ | bæ˧-ze˩! Forget it! (Consolation to someone who has tried and failed.) 你算了吧！（感叹） bæ˧-ze˩ mæ˩! Forget it! (Consolation to someone who has tried and failed.) 算了嘛！（感叹） bæ˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .sorts . 量词 .东西 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-bæ˧-lɑ˧ ɲi˥! It's the same! 是一样的！ ʝi˧kʰv˥-dʑo˩, | ɲi˧-bæ˧ | ʐwɤ˩-tʰɑ˩˥! | ʝi˧kʰv˥-dʑo˩, | ɖɯ˧-bæ˧-lɑ˧ ʐwɤ˧-tʰɑ˥! Some (phrases/combinations between words) can be said two different ways; whereas others can only be said in one way / only have one possible realization! (Context: the investigation bears on tonal variants for phrases, such as numeral-plus-classifier phrases; the consultant confirms that some combinations admit two variants, whereas others only have one possible tone pattern.) 有些（词组）有两种说法，有些只有一种说法！（情景：讨论的是一些有两种不同变调发音的词组，发音合作人确定：确实有些有两种不同的变调，而有些倒只有一种声调模型。） ɲi˧-bæ˧-ɳɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-bæ˧ ʝi˧ to confuse two things, e.g. to confuse two sounds (phonemes), and to write them in the same way, missing their opposition 把两种（东西）混在一起，例如把两个音（两个不同的音位）写成一样 bæ˧bv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ piglet. 猪崽. animal. bæ˧bv˥-zo˩ same meaning: piglet 猪崽 bæ˧ɖæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ small_rope. 细绳. object. bæ˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ duck. 鸭子. animal. female_duck. 母鸭子. bæ˧mi˧-bæ˧pʰv#˥ female duck and male duck 母鸭子与公鸭子 bæ˧mi˧-bæ˧zo#˥ female duck and duckling 母鸭与小鸭子 bæ˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ thick_rope. 粗绳索. object. bæ˧mi˧-pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_duck. 公鸭子. animal. bæ˧mi˧-pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ n + dem + clf 这只公鸭子 See: bæ˧pʰv#˥ bæ˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_duck. 公鸭子. animal. bæ˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / bæ˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这个公鸭子 bæ˧pʰv˧-bæ˧mi#˥ male duck and female duck 公鸭子与母鸭子 See: bæ˧mi˧-pʰv#˥ bæ˧ʁwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. village_name. 温泉乡的一个村落. place name. bæ˧ʁwɤ˧-ʁwɤ˧ same meaning: the village of fv:/bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ 同上：|fv /bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ 村 /bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ 村 ə˧go˧-ʁwɤ˧, | ʁwɤ˧lɑ˩-bi˩, | bæ˧ʁwɤ˧, | tʰo˧tsʰe#˥, | pi˧tsʰe˩-di˩, | pɤ˧dʑɤ˩-di˩, | ʁwɤ˧tv˧ Villages that one encounters as one leaves the plain of Yongning (away from the Lake); the first two are perceived as villages with a high proportion of Na members, and the third as a mostly Na village, whereas the next ones are Pumi (Prinmi). 永宁背向泸沽湖方向经过的村落。前两个村落拥有相当大的摩梭人口比例，第三个村落是摩梭村，最后一个是普米村。 bæ˧ʁwɤ˧: | nɑ˩˥! /bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ is a Na village! |fv /bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ 是一个摩梭人村落！ /bæ˧ʁwɤ˧/ 是一个摩梭人村落！ bæ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ duckling. 小鸭子. animal. bæ˧zo˧ tʰv˧-ɭɯ#˥ n + dem + clf 这个小鸭子 bæ˧zo˧-bæ˧mi#˥ duckling and female duck 小鸭子与母鸭 bæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʈʰɤ˥ classifier: ɖæ˩ classifier: kʰɯ˩ rope. 绳子. agriculture. bæ˩ ʈʂʰɯ˩-kʰɯ˥ n + dem + clf 这条绳子 bæ˩ a classifier Tone: La. clf .flowers . 量词 .花 . classifier. tʰv˧-bæ˥ dem _ (tone: H# / H$) 指示代词 _ ：这朵（花） bæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_sweep. 扫. verb. ɖæ˩ bæ˧ to sweep the dust, to sweep the floor 扫地 le˧-bæ˧~bæ˥ accomp red 扫一扫 ɖʐɤ˩ bæ˩˥ to sweep the stairs 扫楼梯 njɤ˧ | ɖʐɤ˩ bæ˩-zo˩-ho˥. I have to sweep the stairs! 我要扫楼梯了！ gi˩ bæ˩˥ to sweep the granary 扫仓廪 njɤ˧ | gi˩ bæ˩-zo˩-ho˥. I have to sweep the granary! 我要扫仓廪了！ bæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_bloom. 开花. verb. bæ˩bæ˩ bæ˥-ze˩ The flower has bloomed. 花开了。 bæ˩bæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: bæ˩ flower. 花. plant. See: bæ˩bæ˩2 bæ˩bæ˩ adjective Tone: L. spotted. 花的. adjective. bæ˩bæ˩ tʰi˩-di˥ same meaning: spotted (e.g. an egg, a bird, a stone) 花的，有花纹 See: bæ˩bæ˩1 bæ˩dʑɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: bæ˩ harvest. 庄稼. plant. bæ˩dʑɯ˥ | mɤ˧-dʑɤ˩! The harvest is not good! 庄家不好！ bæ˩dʑɯ˧ | tv˧-bæ˩ le˩-mv˩-kʰɯ˩! May a thousand crops come to maturity! (A blessing to elders, used for instance during the rite of coming of age) 祝：一千棵庄稼成熟！（成年礼、过年等节庆时的祝福用语，晚辈对长辈的祝福） bæ˩-lɑ˩~lɑ˥ adjective Tone: L. weak/pliant. 软塌塌. adjective. bæ˩-ljɤ˧~ljɤ˧ noun Tone: L-. classifier: ɭɯ˧ China_fir_cone. 杉树果. plant. bæ˩pʰv˥ noun Tone: L+H#. classifier: po˧ crowndaisy_chrysanthemum. 茼蒿. plant. bæ˩pʰv˥-bv˩ | bæ˩bæ˩˥ the flower of crowndaisy chrysanthemum 茼蒿的顶花 bæ˩pʰv˥-bæ˩bæ˩ crowndaisy chrysanthemum flower 茼蒿顶花 bæ˩-ʁwæ˩~ʁwæ˥ adjective Tone: L. slack. 松. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ɖwæ˧˥ | bæ˩ʁwæ˩~ʁwæ˥-ʝi˩! It's loose! / It's not well-fastened! (About a load on a mule's back) （驮在马上面的货物没系好）松动了! bæ˩ʈʂo˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: nɑ˧ broom. 扫帚. object. bæ˩ʈʂwæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰɯ˩ reins. 缰绳. object. ʐwæ˧-bæ˥ʈʂwæ˩ horse's reins 马缰绳 bæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_run. 跑. verb. le˧-bæ˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 跑了 bæ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ʈʰɤ˥ pus. 脓. body. bæ˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: bæ˩ crops. 庄稼. plant. bæ˩ ɲi˧ cop 是庄家 ɖɯ˧-kʰv˧ ʈv˧-bæ˥ mv˩, | ɕi˧-kʰv˧ | le˧-mɤ˧-dzɯ˧! "This year, even if we had had a thousand harvests, it would not have lasted a hundred years!" This proverb is a consolation for years of bad harvests: "If the harvest had been excellent, it would not have lasted forever anyway! Everything begins anew every year, so let us look forward!" “一年收千棵，不够吃百年！”（这个谚语，来慰藉收成不好的年份。） bɤ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ Pumi. 普米族. ethnic groups. bɤ˧-ʐwɤ˧ so˥ to learn the Pumi language 学普米语 bɤ˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. village_name. 八珠村. place name. ɖæ˩ʂɯ#˥, | ʈʂo˧ʂɯ#˥, | bɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩˥, | dɑ˧pʰo˥, | bɤ˧dzi˩, | dze˧bo˧ the six villages of the plain of Yongning, in traditional order: by order of increasing distance from the Lake 永宁坝的六个村落，按传统排序：从距离泸沽湖最近的村落说起。 bɤ˧kɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ sieve. 筛子. object. bɤ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ Pumi_woman. 普米族女人. ethnic groups. bɤ˧mi˥-ʂe˩ noun Tone: H#-. copper_nickel_alloy. 白铜. natural environment. bɤ˧ʂɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. Baisha(village_name). 白沙村. place name. bɤ˧tʰv˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: tʰv˧˥ footprints. 脚印. body. hĩ˧-bɤ˧tʰv˥ human footprints 人的脚印 kʰv˩mi˩-bɤ˩tʰv˥ dog's footprints 狗爪印 bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥ noun Tone: H#. village_name. 巴搓古村. place name. bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥-hĩ˩ someone from Bacuogu 从巴搓古来的一个人 dʑɤ˩bv˧kɤ˧-sɑ˥ʁwɤ˩, | hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˥, | æ˩mi˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | lɑ˧lo˧-ʁwɤ˥, | lɑ˧ŋwɤ˧, | bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥, | ə˧lɑ˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | gæ˧ɻæ˩, | qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧, | tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥ the ten villages traditionally considered as part of Yongning 摩梭传统地理概念中，属于永宁的十个村落 bɤ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ Pumi_man. 普米族男人. ethnic groups. bɤ˩ a classifier Tone: La. clf .corncobs . 量词 .玉米棒子 . classifier. hɑ˧bɤ˥ | ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩ a corncob 一根玉米棒子 tʰv˧-bɤ˥ dem _ (tone: H# / H$) 指示代词 _：那根（玉米棒子） bɤ˩ a classifier Tone: La. clf .half . 量词 .半 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩-lɑ˩ tʰv˩-sɯ˩! | ɖɯ˧-hu˧-ɻ˥! I have only done one half as yet! Wait a bit! (Context: someone is sorting out clothes, and is midway through the task.) 我才干了一半！稍等！（情景：一个在收拾衣服，告诉对方：工作没完，还需要时间。） ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩-lɑ˩ tʰv˩-ze˩! You are only half-way through! (An observation about the investigator's progress in studying the Na language. It emphasizes the road ahead; still, this is a more encouraging formulation than the previous example: this one uses the perfective, acknowledging that part of the path that has already been covered, whereas |fv ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩-lɑ˩ tʰv˩-sɯ˩ would essentially emphasize all that remains ahead.) 你才到了一半！（合作人对调查者学摩梭话的评定） ʐæ˩ʂæ˥ | ʐwæ˩˥! | le˧-se˥, | ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩-qo˩-lɑ˩ tʰv˩-sɯ˩! It's really far! We have walked (for quite some time), and only got mid-way! 真远！走啊走，才走了一半的路！ ʐɤ˩mi˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩ half the way 半路 ə˧mi˧! | wɤ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-bɤ˩ dʑo˩-sɯ˩-wɤ˩! Wow! (How far!) There is still half the way to go! 啊呀嚒！还剩一半的路啊！ bɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩ noun Tone: L. village_name. 八七村. place name. ɖæ˩ʂɯ#˥, | ʈʂo˧ʂɯ#˥, | bɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩˥, | dɑ˧pʰo˥, | bɤ˧dzi˩, | dze˧bo˧ the six villages of the plain of Yongning, in traditional order: by order of increasing distance from the Lake 永宁坝的六个村落，按传统排序：从距离泸沽湖最近的村落说起。 bɤ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .scarves . 量词 .头帕 . classifier. bi˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ʁwɤ˧, etc snow. 雪. natural environment. bi˧ gi˧-ze˩ it is snowing; it has snowed 下雪了 bi˥ adjective Tone: H. thin/shallow. 薄/浅. adjective. bi˧ | ʐwæ˩˥! It's very shallow! 很浅！ dʑɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-pi˧ bi˧˥ The water is rather shallow. 水有点浅。 dʑɯ˧ bi˧-hĩ˧, | mɤ˧-ɖwæ˩! Shallow water is not frightening! / There is nothing frightening about shallow water! / Come on, don't be afraid: it's (just) shallow water! 水很浅，不用怕！ bi˧ verb Tone: M' intrans. to_go. 去. verb. bi˧-tʰɑ˧! abilitive 可以去！ bi˧-tʰɑ˧-ze˥! abilitive + pfv : We can go now! We can go now! 可以去了！ le˧-bi˩ to go back 回去，返回 bi˧ noun Tone: M. village/neighbours. 村落/邻居. society. bi˧ verb Tone: M. to_dare. 敢. verb. ʝi˧-mɤ˧-bi˧ not to dare to do 不敢做 bi˧bv˥ verb Tone: H#. to_flow_profusely. 流淌. verb. tʰi˧-ʈwæ˧˥, | sɤ˧ | bi˧bv˥-ze˩! (She/he) fell down; blood is flowing profusely! （他）摔倒了，流了很多血 dʑɯ˧ | bi˧bv˥-ze˩! The water is flowing profusely! 水流如注！ dʑɯ˩nɑ˩mi˩ bi˩bv˥-ze˩-pʰæ˩di˩! There seems to be a flood / landslide out on the mountain! 山上好像有了泥石流！ bi˧ɕi˧kv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ cheek. 腮. body. bi˧hæ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ girth. 马肚带. object. ʐwæ˧-bi˥hæ˩ horse's girth 马肚带 bi˧-lv˧~lv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ snow_flakes. 雪花. natural environment. bi˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ belly. 肚子. body. bi˧mi˧-ɖɯ˩ covetous, greedy 贪心不足，贪吃 bi˧tɑ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: tsʰi˥ broad_belt. 宽腰带. object. bi˧tɕɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ navel. 肚脐. body. bi˧tɕo˧ noun Tone: M. neighbouring_villages. 周围的村落. society. bi˧zɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lower_abdomen. 小肚子. body. bi˩ c classifier Tone: Lc. clf .hooves . 量词 .动物的脚或脚印 . classifier. bi˩bi˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ pod. 豆荚. plant. bi˩bi˧ ɲi˩ cop 是豆荚 nv˩ɭɯ˧-bi˩bi˩ soybean pods 黄豆荚 bi˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ axe. 斧头. object. bi˩pʰv˧-dʑɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. flood. 洪水. natural environment. bi˩pʰv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. bottle_gourd. 葫芦. plant. bi˩ʁo˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ purse. 钱包. clothing. bi˩ʁo˧ tʰi˧-ʂæ˧˥ to attach (one's) purse (to the belt) 系上钱包（在腰带上） bi˩tɑ˩ verb Tone: L. to_drag. 拖. verb. bi˩tɑ˩-ze˥ pfv 拖了 bi˩-tsɯ˧tsɯ˧ noun Tone: L-. wild_strawberry. 野草莓. plant. bi˩ʈʂʰɤ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ whiskers. 胡须. body. bi˩wɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ reward. 酬劳. object. bo particle Tone: 0. From: Chinese 啵 . 啵:: affirm . 啵（ 借词） . morphosyntax. bo˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: objets ronds small_dike. 田埂. natural environment. ʈʂʰɯ˧-qo˧ | bo˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ tʰi˧-di˩. Here, there is a small dike. 这里有一个小堤坝。 bo˧-kʰi˧ the edge of the small dike 小堤坝的边 bo˧ ɖɯ˧-pʰæ˧˥ a small dike 一个小堤坝 bo˧ adjective Tone: M. bright. 亮. adjective. tʰi˧-bo˧-dʑo˧ It casts light / it is bright. (Definition of a lamp.) （它）在发光。（描写灯） bo˧-hĩ˧ rel 发亮的 bo˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_spin. 纺/使旋转. verb. tso˧~tso˧ bo˧ to spin something, to spin things 使东西旋转 See: sɑ˧bo#˥ bo˧tsi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ classifier: qɑ˩ classifier: morceaux mane. 鬃. animal. ʐwæ˧-bo˧tsi˥# horse mane 马鬃 bo˩-bo˧tsi˩ hog bristle 猪鬃 bo˧ʐæ˧ʈæ˧qʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. echo. 回音. bo˧ʐæ˧ʈæ˧qʰv˧ | tʰi˧-ɖʐɯ˩~ɖʐɯ˩! the echo resonates 有回音 bo˩ a verb Tone: La. to_kiss. 亲吻. verb. ɖɯ˧-bo˩-ɻ˩ delimitative _ inceptive 吻一下 ɖɯ˧-bo˧~bo˥-ɻ˩ delimitative _ red inceptive 吻一下 bo˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .hair_dresses . 量词 .发带 . classifier. bo˩-bi˧mi˧ noun Tone: L-. classifier: ɭɯ˧ meat_of_belly. 猪肚肉. food. bo˩-bv˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pigsty. 猪圈. house. bo˩dze˧ noun Tone: LM. lark. 百灵鸟. animal. See: bo˩dze˧-ko˩dze˩ bo˩dze˧-ko˩dze˩ noun Tone: LM-L. lark. 百灵鸟. animal. See: bo˩dze˧ bo˩-ɣɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: tsʰi˥ pigskin. 猪皮. food. bo˩-ɣɯ˧kɯ˩ same meaning: pigskin 同上：猪皮 bo˩-hɑ#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: kʰɤ˧˥ pig_swill. 猪食. food. bo˩-kʰɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pig_s_feet. 猪脚腊肉. food. bo˩-kʰv˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. year_of_the_pig. 猪年. time. bo˩ɬɑ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: v˧ boar. 种公猪. animal. bo˩-ɬo˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pork_ribs. 猪肋骨. food. bo˩ɬo˥ | ɖɯ˧-do˥ a large piece of pork ribs; this also designates (metaphorically) a family, to emphasize the strong bonds between all family members 一大块猪肋骨。也来比喻一个家庭，强调家所有成员之间的密切关系。 bo˩-mæ˧qv˩ noun Tone: L-L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pig_tail. 猪尾巴. food. bo˩-mɤ˥ noun Tone: LH. lard. 猪油. food. bo˩mi˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: mi˩ classifier: v˧ sow. 母猪. animal. bo˩mi˧ ʑi˩ to catch (a/the) sow 抓母猪 bo˩mi˧ do˧ (+ze˩) ...has seen (a/the) sow 见了母猪 bo˩mi˧-bæ˧bv˥ sow and piglets 母猪与猪仔 bo˩mi˧-dʑɯ˩pv˩ noun Tone: LM-L. dytiscus. 龙虱. animal. bo˩mi˧-dʑɯ˩pʰv˩ noun Tone: LM-L. weevil. 象鼻虫. animal. bo˩mi˧-ɳæ˧tɕʰɯ˩ noun Tone: LM-L#. classifier: po˧ dandelion. 蒲公英. plant. bo˩pʰv˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: v˧ boar. 种公猪. animal. bo˩qʰæ˧-pv˧ʈɤ˥-ɻ˩ noun Tone: LM - H# -. : mi˩ dung_beetle. 蜣螂. animal. bo˩tv#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: mi˩ wild_boar. 野猪. animal. bo˩tv˧ hwæ˥ to buy (a/the) wild boar 买野猪 bo˩ʈʂʰæ˥ noun Tone: LH. lard. 猪膘/琵琶肉. food. bo˩zɑ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. Piggy_Sow. 猪崽子. animal. bo˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: mi˩ classifier: v˧ pig. 猪. animal. bo˩ hwæ˧-ze˧ ...bought (some/a) pig 买了猪 bo˩ dzɯ˥-ze˩ ...ate (some/the) pig 吃了猪 bõ ideophone Tone: 0. ideo_Bang! . 砰！. morphosyntax. bv˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ insect. 虫. animal. bv˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / bv˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这只虫 bv˥ adjective Tone: H. thick. 粗. adjective. qʰɑ˧-bv˧-gv˧ very thick 很粗 qʰɑ˧bv˧~bv˧-gv˧ very thick (as above) 很粗（同上） bv˥ verb Tone: H. to_divide. 分. verb. ɖɯ˧-v˧ ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ | le˧-bv˧~bv˧ to share, giving each person a piece 分给一人一块 le˧-bv˧~bv˧ tʰi˧-kwɤ˩ to scatter all over the place, to lay out in no good order 弄乱，散开 bv˥ verb Tone: H. to_roast. 烤. verb. hɑ˧ tʰi˧-bv˥ to roast food, to roast cereals 烤饭 bv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ intestine. 肠子. body. bv˧ɖæ˧ adjective Tone: M. Etym: bv˧; ɖæ˥. bad-tempered. 脾气很坏. abstract. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | bv˧ɖæ˧-ze˩! He is is a bad mood now. 他现在脾气很坏！/ 他生气了！ bv˧hu˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kwɤ˩ bowels. 胃与肠. body. bv˧kʰɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ silkworm. 蚕. animal. bv˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ female_yak. 母牦牛. animal. bv˧mi˧-bv˩ʂwæ˩ female yak and castrated yak 母牦牛与阉割牦牛 bv˧mi˧-bv˧zo#˥ female yak and baby yak 母牦牛与小牦牛 bv˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ large_food_steamer. 大蒸笼. object. bv˧-nɑ˥mi˩ noun Tone: #H-. Mythimna_separata. 玉米黏虫. animal. bv˧nv˧ verb Tone: M intrans. to_smell. 闻到. verb. no˧ | ɖɯ˧-bv˧nv˧-ɻ˩! | ɖwæ˩˥ | ɕjɤ˧! Have a smell! It smells great! 你闻一闻吧！好香！ See: bv˧nv˧2 bv˧nv˧ adjective Tone: M intrans. stinking. 臭. adjective. bv˧nv˧-ze˧ pfv 臭了 See: bv˧nv˧1 bv˧pʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ male_yak. 公牦牛. animal. bv˧qʰv˧ʑi˩-hĩ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ snail. 蜗牛. animal. bv˧ɻ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ fly. 苍蝇. animal. bv˧ɻ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-mi˧˥ / bv˧ɻ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这只苍蝇 bv˧ʂæ˧ adjective Tone: M. Etym: bv˧; ʂæ˧. Literally 'long-intestined': in folk representation, long intestines allow their owner to digest vexations calmly, whereas short intestines are associated with hasty emotional reactions. good-tempered. 脾气好. abstract. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | bv˧ʂæ˧-ze˩ He is in a good mood now. 他现在脾气好。/ 他高兴了。 bv˧ʂæ˧ | ʐwæ˩˥ in a very good mood 脾气很好 bv˧tɕi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: tɕi˧˥ classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: livre; unité wild_peach. 毛桃. plant. bv˧ʈʂɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: nɑ˧ sifter. 筛子. object. bv˧ʈʂʰv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ cymbals. 钹. music. bv˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ baby_yak. 小牦牛. animal. bv˧zo˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / bv˧zo˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这头小牦牛 bv˧ʐv˧-kʰv˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. year_of_the_serpent. 蛇年. time. bv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ pen. 牲畜圈. house. bv˩-qo˩ inside the corral 牲畜圈里面 bv˩qo˩ ʈæ˧ to enclose (cattle) inside the pen 关在圈里 bv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_hatch. 孵. verb. æ˩mi˧ bv˩ The hen is hatching eggs. 母鸡孵蛋 bv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_steam. 蒸. verb. le˧-bv˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 蒸了 pɤ˩jɤ˧ bv˥ to steam buns 蒸馒头 hɑ˧ bv˥~bv˩ to steam rice 蒸米饭 bv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_live. 过（日子）. verb. zɯ˧ bv˩ to live one's life 过日子 hĩ˧-zɯ˧ bv˥, | lo˧hɑ˧! Living one's life is hard! / Life is tough! 生活，是艰难的！ hĩ˧-zɯ˧ | le˧-bv˩-ze˩ (Her/his) life has gone by! / (Her/his) life is over! (A reflection after someone's decease.) 他的日子，就结束了！（情景：一个人去世了，葬礼的时候，有人这样说。） qʰwɤ˧-ɭɯ˥, | ʈʂʰæ˧-mɤ˧-dʑɯ˧! | ʈʂʰɯ˧ ɖɯ˧-zɯ˧ bv˩-ze˩! He never had to do the washing-up (in his entire life)! That's how he spent his lifetime (=without any practical concerns)! (About an office-holder whose every need in daily life was attended to by servants.) 他从来没有洗过碗！他这辈子就是这么过来的！（关于一个官员，完全不用管家务、日常生活中的活儿：有人来管一切。） ɖɯ˧-ɲi˥~ɖɯ˩-ɲi˩ | bv˩ lo˩ fv˩˥! How easily days go by! / How time flies! 日子过得真快！ bv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_sprinkle. 泼. verb. le˧-bv˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 泼了 dʑɯ˩ bv˩˥ to sprinkle water 泼水 ɖɯ˧-bv˧~bv˥-ɻ˩ delimitative red inceptive 泼一泼 le˧-bv˧~bv˥-ze˩ accomp red pfv 泼了一点 to_sow. 撒. verb. ɻæ˩ bv˥ to sow seeds 撒种子 tʰi˧-bv˩-ɻ˩ Go ahead and sow! 撒吧！ tʰi˧-bv˩-qɑ˩! Sow! 撒吧！ bv˩ a adjective Tone: La. scarce. 细/薄. adjective. ʁo˧ bv˧˥ bald (literally "the head (has) scarce (hair)") 头秃、头发很少 ʁo˧-bv˧-hĩ˥ bald person 秃子 ʁo˧-bv˧-zo˥ as above 同上 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʁo˧ bv˧-ze˥ He lost his hair, he went bald 他秃头了，他头发掉了 ʁo˧qʰwɤ˩ | le˧-bv˩-ze˩ (his) head has gone bald （他）秃头了。 bv˩-hĩ˩˥ rel 秃的 bv˩di˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ food_steamer. 蒸笼. object. See: bv˩˧2 bv˩dze˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ large_spoon. 大调羹. object. See: bv˩dze˩2 bv˩dze˩ classifier Tone: L. ladleful. 量词 .勺 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-bv˩dze˩ one ladleful 一勺 See: bv˩dze˩1 bv˩hwɤ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ wooden_hut. 山上小房. house. bv˩ɭɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kidneys. 肾. body. bv˩qo˩-bv˧qʰæ˩ noun Tone: L-L#. classifier: ʁwɤ˧ manure. 肥料. agriculture. bv˩qo˩-qʰæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʁwɤ˧ manure. 肥料. agriculture. bv˩qo˩-qʰæ˩ tʰv˩-ʁwɤ˥ n + dem + clf 这堆肥料 bv˩-qʰæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʁwɤ˧ classifier: tas manure. 肥料. agriculture. bv˩qʰæ˩ tʰv˩-ʁwɤ˥ n + dem + clf 这堆肥料 bv˩qʰv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: dze˩ classifier: paire; explication: va par paires, chaque maisonnée en a une paire conch_shell. 法螺. natural environment. classifier: lines_of_the_hand. 手纹. body. lo˩qʰwɤ˧-bv˧ | bv˩qʰv˩˥ the lines of the hand 手纹 bv˩ʂwæ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: pʰo˧˥ castrated_yak. 阉割过的牦牛. animal. bv˩ʂwæ˩-bv˥mi˩ castrated yak and female yak 阉割牦牛与母牦牛 bv˩zo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ small_food_steamer. 小蒸笼. object. bv˩ʐv˩-dzi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: dzi˩ ivy. 常春藤. plant. bv˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: pʰo˧˥ yak. 牦牛. animal. bv˩-hṽ˩˥ yak hair 牦牛毛 bv˩ dzɯ˧-ze˩ ...ate (some) yak 吃了牦牛 bv˩ hwæ˧-ze˧ ...bought (some) yak 买了牦牛 bv˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: mi˩ food_steamer. 蒸笼. object. See: bv˩di˩