Index

h

hɑ˥ hɑ˧bɤ˥ hɑ˧-bv˥~bv˩-di˩ hɑ˧-gv˥-di˩ hɑ˧ɭɯ#˥ hɑ˧mi˥ hɑ˧ʂɯ˥ hɑ˧-ʐwɤ˩ hɑ˩ a hɑ̃˧mo˥ hɑ̃˧˥ hɑ̃˧˥ hɑ̃˧˥ a hæ˧ hæ˧di˩-ʈæ˩bɤ˩ hæ˧ɭɯ#˥ hæ˧se˧ hæ˧ʐwɤ˩ hæ˩ a hæ˧˥ hæ˧˥ hæ̃˧ hæ̃˧ a hæ̃˧do˧ hæ̃˧kʰɤ˧˥ hæ̃˧kʰo˧ hæ̃˧pɤ˧ hæ̃˧qʰv˥$ hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩- hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩-pæ˩pʰæ˩ hæ̃˧ʂv˧pɤ˥ hæ̃˧ʐɤ˥ hæ̃˩ hæ̃˩-bɑ˧lɑ˩ hæ̃˩bæ˩ hæ̃˩di˩ hæ̃˩qʰwɤ˩ hæ̃˩sɤ˩ hæ̃˧˥ hɤ˧ hɤ˩ a hɤ˩ a hɤ˩ a hi˥ hi˧dʑi˧ hi˧kʰɯ#˥ hi˧qʰwɤ˩ hi˧tʰɑ˩ hi˧tʰo˧˥ hi˧tsɯ˩ hi˩ hi˩ hi˩dʑɯ˩ hi˩mi˩ hi˩nɑ˧mi#˥ hi˩ɲi˩zo˩ hi˩qʰɑ˩ hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˧ hi˩ʐæ˥ hi˩˥ hĩ˥ hĩ˧bæ#˥ hĩ˧hĩ#˥ hĩ˧-lɑ˩-kv˩-hĩ˩ hĩ˧mɤ˧gɤ˥ hĩ˧mo˥ hĩ˧mo˩ hĩ˧nv˥ hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ#˥ hĩ˧-ʈʂɤ#˥ hĩ˧˥ hĩ˧˥ ho˥ ho˥ ho˧ɕjæ˩ ho˧di˧ ho˧dʑɯ˧tɤ˥ɻ˩ ho˧dʑɯ˧˥ ho˧ko˧ ho˧mi#˥ ho˧pʰv#˥ ho˧ʈʂɯ˧ ho˧zo#˥ ho˩ a ho˩ɕjæ˧ ho˩dʑɯ˩ ho˩lo˧pv˥ ho˧˥ hõ˧ hõ˧-ɬi˧mi#˥ hõ˩tsʰi˧˥ hõ˧˥ hu˥ hu˧mi˥$ hu˧˥ hu˧˥ hɯ˧ hɯ˧ b hṽ˥ hṽ˥ hṽ˧dɤ˧ɻ#˥ hṽ˧~hṽ˩-ɖʐæ˩~ɖʐæ˩ hṽ˧nɑ˩ hṽ˩ a hṽ˩ a hṽ˩-ɖʐæ˩ɻæ˥ hṽ˩~hṽ˩ hwɑ˩kwɤ˧ hwæ˧ a hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥ hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥ hwæ˧pʰæ˥ hwæ˧pʰæ˩ hwæ˧pʰæ˩-gv˩-di˩ hwæ˧tsɯ˥ hwæ˧tsɯ˥-njɤ˩di˩ hwæ˧tsɯ˥-njɤ˩di˩-si˩dzi˩ hwæ˩ a hwæ˩ a hwɤ̃˩ a hwɤ˥ hwɤ˥ hwɤ˧ hwɤ˧kʰv˥ hwɤ˧li˧-bv˥ hwɤ˧li˧-se˧-di˧˥ hwɤ˧li˧-ʂɯ˧mo˥ hwɤ˧li˧-zo˧˥ hwɤ˧li˧˥ hwɤ˧mi˥$ hwɤ˧pʰv#˥ hwɤ˧se˧ hwɤ˧tɕi˥ hwɤ˧zo#˥ hwɤ˩ hwɤ˩ a hwɤ˩dʑɯ˩ hwɤ˩kæ˧ hwɤ˩ʈi˥ hwɤ˧˥ hwɤ˧˥ hwɤ˧˥

hɑ˥ noun Tone: #H. food. 饭. food. hɑ˧-ʈv˧~ʈv˥ ball of cereals 饭坨坨、饭团 hɑ˧ dzɯ˧ to eat 吃饭 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | hɑ˧ dzɯ˧-dʑo˩! (S)he is eating! 他在吃饭！ hɑ˧ʂɯ˩ fresh cereals (freshly reaped; they yield especially good-tasting cakes) 新鲜的粮食（可以用来烤很香的饼） hɑ˧bɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: bɤ˩ corncob. 玉米棒子. food. qʰɑ˧dze˧-hɑ˧bɤ˥ sweetcorn ear 玉米棒子 hɑ˧-bv˥~bv˩-di˩ noun Tone: #H--. classifier: ɭɯ˧ rice_steamer. 甑. object. hɑ˧-gv˥-di˩ noun Tone: H#-. stove. 炉子. house. hɑ˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. cereals. 粮食. plant. hɑ˧mi˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: v˧ beggar. 乞丐. society. hɑ˧mi˥-hĩ˩ _ rel; same meaning: [person] who begs 要饭的、乞丐 hɑ˧ʂɯ˥ coordinating conjunction Tone: H#. From: Chinese 还是 . 还是::gap_filler. 还是（ 借词） . morphosyntax. hɑ˧-ʐwɤ˩ adjective Tone: L#. hungry. 饿. adjective. See: ʐwɤ˧ hɑ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_open(eyes). 睁开（眼睛）. verb. tʰi˧-hɑ˩ dur dur njɤ˩ɭɯ˥ | gɤ˩-hɑ˥ | to open one's eyes 睁开眼睛 njɤ˩ɭɯ˧ hɑ˩ to open one's eyes 睁开眼睛 hɑ̃˧mo˥ adjective Tone: H#. old. 年老. adjective. hĩ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧ | hɑ̃˧mo˥ | ʐwæ˩˥! This person is extremely old/extremely advanced in years! 这个人，年纪非常大！ hɑ̃˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_put_out. 灭. verb. mv˧ le˧-hɑ̃˧˥ to put out the fire 灭火 hɑ̃˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_spend_the_night. 过夜. verb. ɖɯ˧-hɑ̃˧ tʰi˥-hɑ̃˩ | to spend a night (somewhere), to stay for the night 过夜 ʑi˧qʰwɤ˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧-qo˧ hɑ̃˧˥ to spend the night in a house 在一个人家过夜 hɑ̃˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .nights . 量词 .夜 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-hɑ̃˧˥ one night 一夜 tsʰe˩-hɑ̃˩˥ ten nights = ten days 十夜（等于十天） ɖɯ˧-hɑ̃˧ lɑ˥-dʑo˩! There is only one day left! 只有一个晚上了！ ɖɯ˧-hɑ̃˧-ɳɯ˥ | le˧-li˧-le˧-se˩-ze˩! He has entirely read it in one night! / He has read the whole (book) in just one night! (Imagined context: someone is given a book; he finishes reading it within a day) 一个晚上就读完了！/一天之内都读完了！（情景：送一个人一本书，他马上全部读完） hæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: v˧ Chinese. 汉人. ethnic groups. hæ˧-mi#˥ a Chinese woman, a Han Chinese woman 汉族女人 hæ˧-mv˧ hæ˧-di˧˥ (Han) Chinese territory: Chengdu, Kunming... 汉族地区，包括成都、昆明等等 hæ˧-di˩ (Han) Chinese territory: Chengdu, Kunming...; used to mean 'the south' 汉族地区，包括成都、昆明等等，来代指南方 hæ˧-zo˧bæ˩ Han Chinese man (derogatory: literally 'Chinese idiot') 汉男人（带偏见的称呼） hæ˧di˩-ʈæ˩bɤ˩ noun Tone: °L. beggar_monk. 比丘. society. hæ˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. sorghum. 高粱. plant. See: kɤ˧ljɤ˩ hæ˧se˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese dialect 海参 . agar. 石花菜. plant. hæ˧ʐwɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. Chinese_language. 汉语. language. hæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_harm. 害. verb. hĩ˧ hæ˥ to harm people 害人 hĩ˧ hæ˥-kv˩ who can harm people; cruel 会害人的、残忍、凶狠 hĩ˧ hæ˥-zo˩ terrifying person, frightening person, creepy person 可怕的人 hæ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH. supple. 软. adjective. hæ˧njæ˧˥ | -gv˩ soft, lithe, supple 软、柔软（树枝……） watery. 稀. hæ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. lime. 石灰. house. hæ˧ hwæ˥ to buy lime 买石灰 hæ˧ tɕʰi˥ to sell lime 卖石灰 hæ˧ ki˥ to give lime 给石灰 hæ˧ dv˥ to dig lime 挖石灰 hæ˧ bæ˥ to sweep lime 扫石灰 hæ˧ gɤ˥ to carry lime 扛石灰 hæ̃˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ wind. 风. natural environment. hæ̃˧ tʰv˧ / hæ̃˧ tʰv˧-ze˧ the wind has risen, the wind is blowing 刮风了 wɤ˩˥ | hæ̃˧ tʰv˧-ho˩-ze˩! There's going to be some wind again! 风又要刮起来了！ hæ̃˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_winnow. 扬. verb. hɑ˧ hæ̃˩ to winnow cereals 扬粮食 tso˧~tso˧ hæ̃˩ to winnow things 扬东西 hæ̃˧do˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ threshing_ground. 打场. house. hæ̃˧do˧ bæ˩ to sweep the threshing ground 清扫打场 hæ̃˧kʰɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ rafter. 椽子. house. hæ̃˧kʰo˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: v˧ young_lady. 小姐. society. hæ̃˧kʰo˧-mi˧ same meaning: young lady 同上：小姐、公主 hæ̃˧pɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰɯ˩ plait. 辫子. body. hæ̃˧qʰv˥$ adverb Tone: H$. late_at_night. 半夜. time. hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩- noun Tone: L#. classifier: nɑ˧ precious. house. hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩-to˩mi˩ the Precious Pillars, the Golden Pillars: a solemn designation for the two pillars of the main building ‘黄金柱’、‘宝贵柱’：对主屋两个柱子的庄严称呼 hæ̃˧ʂɯ˩-pæ˩pʰæ˩ noun Tone: L#-. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ rack_for_drying_grain. 粮架. house. hæ̃˧ʂv˧pɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. husband. 丈夫. society. hæ̃˧ʐɤ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ trace_of_cutting. 切割的痕迹. abstract. hæ̃˧ʐɤ˥ tʰv˩-kʰwɤ˩ n + dem + clf : this trace of cutting 这道割痕 hæ̃˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʈv˩ gold. 金子. natural environment. hæ̃˩-bɑ˧lɑ˩ noun Tone: L-L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ silk. 丝绸. clothing. hæ̃˩bæ˩ verb Tone: L. to_dance_a_ritual_dance. 跳大神. religion. hæ̃˩di˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ ruler. 尺. object. hæ̃˩qʰwɤ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lavender. 薰衣草. plant. hæ̃˩sɤ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ magpie. 喜鹊. animal. hæ̃˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_cut. 切/裁. verb. le˧-hæ̃˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 切了 tʰɑ˧-hæ̃˧˥! prohib 别切！ bɑ˩lɑ˩˥ | le˧-hæ̃˧˥, | le˧-ʐv˧˥ to cut cloth to make clothes, and to sew clothes 裁（布料来做）衣服，又缝（衣服） / 先裁布料，再缝衣服 to_castrate. 阉割. verb. hɤ˧ noun Tone: M. all. 全部. morphosyntax. ɖɯ˧-hɤ˧ | mɤ˧-go˩ to have no ailment at all, to be free from any pain 一点也没病、没有任何痛苦 ɖɯ˧-hɤ˧ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥ to be ignorant of everything (literally: not to know a thing) 什么也不知道 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-hɤ˧ hwæ˧ (S)he buys everything / buys the lot 他全部都买。/他什么都买。 hɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_dry_beside_fire. 烘干. verb. tʰi˧-hɤ˩ dur dur le˧-hɤ˩ accomp accomp ɖɯ˧-hɤ˩-ɻ˩ delimitative _ inceptive 烘干一下 le˧-hɤ˩-ze˩, | le˧-pv˧-ze˧! It was dried beside the fire, and it got dry / and it is now dry! 烘干了，（现在）干了！ ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˧ hɤ˥ to dry something beside the fire 烘干一个东西 hɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_go. pst . pfv . 去. 过去式 . 整体体 . verb. hɤ˩ a adjective Tone: La. good. 好（表扬一个人的行为）. adjective. ɖwæ˧˥ | hɤ˩˥! intensive .very 很好！ mɤ˧-hɤ˩ neg 不好 hɤ˩-hĩ˩˥ rel / nmlz 好的 hi˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tooth. 牙齿. body. hi˧ go˧˥ (a) tooth aches; to have a tooth-ache 牙疼 hi˧dʑi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ rain_cape. 蓑衣. clothing. hi˩ gi˩-ze˥, | hi˧dʑi˧ tʰi˧-mv˧. It has begun to rain / it's raining; put on a rain cape. 下雨了，披蓑衣（雨衣）吧。 hi˧kʰɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. gum. 牙龈. body. hi˧kʰɯ˧ ʈʂʰæ˧ to brush one's teeth 刷牙 hi˧kʰɯ˧-ʈv˥ root of the teeth 牙根 hi˧qʰwɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ decayed_teeth. 蛀牙. body. hi˧tʰɑ˩ adjective Tone: L#. sharp. 锋利. adjective. hi˧tʰo˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tooth. 牙齿. body. hi˧tsɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ incisives. 门牙. body. hi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lake. 湖/海. natural environment. hi˩ verb Tone: L. exist .unmovable . 存在动词 .固定物体 . verb. hi˩nɑ˧mi˧ | tʰi˧-hi˩ the Lake exists/is there 有（泸沽）湖（在那儿） hi˩dʑɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰɤ˧˥ charcoal. 炭. natural environment. hi˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ tongue. 舌头. body. hi˩mi˩˥, | ɻ̃˧ mɤ˧-ʑi˧! | ə˧tso˧ ʐwɤ˩-bi˩, | õ˧-lɑ˥ ɖʐv˩! The tongue has no bone! Only oneself knows what one is going to say! (Proverb meaning that one is responsible for one's speech: only oneself knows whether one is telling the truth or not.) “舌头没有骨头。讲的是什么（=是否真的），只有自己才知道！”（谚语） hi˩nɑ˧mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lake. 湖. natural environment. hi˩ɲi˩zo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: mi˩ salamander. 娃娃鱼. animal. hi˩qʰɑ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ʂɯ˩ classifier: cl des fois torrential_rain. 暴雨. natural environment. hi˩qʰɑ˩ lɑ˥(-ze˩) torrential rain is falling 下暴雨了 hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˧ noun Tone: L-. village_name. 一个村落. place name. dʑɤ˩bv˧kɤ˧-sɑ˥ʁwɤ˩, | hi˩ʁwɤ˩-lo˥, | æ˩mi˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | lɑ˧lo˧-ʁwɤ˥, | lɑ˧ŋwɤ˧, | bɤ˧tsʰo˧gv˥, | ə˧lɑ˧-ʁwɤ#˥, | gæ˧ɻæ˩, | qʰæ˧tɕʰi˧, | tʰo˧ʈɯ#˥ the ten villages traditionally considered as part of Yongning 摩梭传统地理概念中，属于永宁的十个村落 hi˩ʐæ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ uvula. 小舌. body. qv˧ʈʂæ˧-bv˥ | hi˩ʐæ˧ the uvula; specifying 'the throat's...' disambiguates between the uvula and the tendon of the tongue, which are referred to by the same term, /hi˩ʐæ˥/ . 小舌 tendon_of_the_tongue. 舌头的筋. hi˩mi˩-bv˧ | hi˩ʐæ˧ the tendon of the tongue; specifying 'the tongue's...' disambiguates between the uvula and the tendon of the tongue, which are referred to by the same term, /hi˩ʐæ˥/ . 舌头的筋 hi˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ʂɯ˩ classifier: fois rain. 雨. natural environment. hi˩ gi˩˥ / hi˩ gi˩-ze˥ it's raining 下雨了 hĩ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ person. 人. ethnic groups. hĩ˧ | ɖɯ˧-v˧ one person, an individual 一个人 hĩ˧-ɻ̃˧ | ɖɯ˧-lo˩ a lineage, a family 一个家族 hĩ˧bæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ guest. 客人. society. hĩ˧bæ˧ ʝi˧ to be a guest, to be invited, to attend a party 做客 hĩ˧bæ˧ tsʰɯ˧-ze˥ ! | A guest has arrived! 客人来了！ hĩ˧hĩ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ strangers. 外人. society. hĩ˧-lɑ˩-kv˩-hĩ˩ noun Tone: -L--. dangerous_person. 危险的人. society. hĩ˧mɤ˧gɤ˥ verb to_envy. 妒忌. verb. hĩ˧mɤ˧gɤ˥ ʝi˩ to be jealous (of someone), to have a fit of jealousy 妒忌 hĩ˧mo˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: v˧ elderly_person. 老人. society. hĩ˧mo˥-hĩ˩ _ rel; same meaning 老人、老的人 hĩ˧mo˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mo˧ corpse. 尸体. body. hĩ˧mo˩-kʰɯ˩-di˩ coffin; literally 'thing (in which) to put a corpse' 棺材 tomb. 坟墓. hĩ˧nv˥ verb to_be_naughty. 不听话. verb. hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. family_members_of_same_generation. 兄弟姐妹/堂兄弟姐妹. society. hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ˧ - hĩ˧-ʈʂɤ#˥ same meaning: the family members belonging to the same generation 同一辈的亲戚：兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | njɤ˧ | hĩ˧ tɕʰɯ˧ ɲi˥! (S)he is someone of my generation! (=my cousin, my brother/sister...) 他是跟我同一辈的亲戚！（=堂兄弟姐妹） hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ˧ mɤ˧-ɲi˥ F | hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ˧ ʝi˧ tʰɑ˩-kv˩! "Even if one is not (born) a family member, it is possible to become one!" A saying that refers to quasi-family links between friends, which amount to a form of adoption into the family circle. “不是亲戚，也可以变成亲戚！”这个俗语来形容朋友之间的深情，变成像家人之间的感情。 Syn: hĩ˧-ʈʂɤ#˥ hĩ˧-ʈʂɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. family_members_of_same_generation. 兄弟姐妹/堂兄弟姐妹. society. hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ˧ - hĩ˧-ʈʂɤ#˥ same meaning: the family members belonging to the same generation 同一辈的亲戚：兄弟姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹 Syn: hĩ˧-tɕʰɯ#˥ hĩ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_stand. 站. verb. hĩ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_have_to. 应该. verb. mɤ˧-hĩ˧ neg 否定 no˧ | ʝi˧-hĩ˧˥! You have to do it! 你应该做！ njɤ˧ | ʝi˧-mɤ˧-hĩ˧-hĩ˥ | (ɖɯ˧-pi˧) ʝi˧-ze˩! | I have done something I shouldn't have! 我做了一件不应该做的事！ no˧ | lo˧ ʝi˧-hĩ˧! You have to work! / You must work! 你应该工作啊！ ho˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ partridge. 雉. animal. ho˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / ho˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这只雉 ho˥ noun Tone: #H. gruel. 粥. food. ho˧ ʈʰɯ˧˥ to drink gruel 喝粥 ho˧ɕjæ˩ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 火线 . 火线::cord_to_which_fire_is_put. 导火索. object. ho˧di˧ noun Tone: M. Sichuan. 四川. place name. ho˧dʑɯ˧tɤ˥ɻ˩ noun Tone: #H-. paste. 浆糊. food. See: ho˧dʑɯ˧˥ ho˧dʑɯ˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. paste. 浆糊. food. See: ho˧dʑɯ˧tɤ˥ɻ˩ ho˧ko˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 火锅 . pot_for_hotpot. 火锅（ 借词） . object. æ̃˧-ho˧ko˥ copper pot for hotpot 铜火锅 ho˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ female_pheasant. 母雉. animal. ho˧mi˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / ho˧mi˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这个母雉 ho˧mi˧-ho˧pʰv˥ / ho˧mi˧-ho˥pʰv˩ female and male pheasant 母雉与公雉 ho˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_pheasant. 公雉. animal. ho˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˧˥ / ho˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 这只公雉 ho˧ʈʂɯ˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese 蒿枝 . 蒿枝::mugwort. 蒿（ 借词：蒿枝） . plant. See: tɕɤ˧qʰɑ#˥ ho˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_pheasant. 小雉. animal. ho˧zo˧ tʰv˧-ɭɯ#˥ n + dem + clf 这只小雉 ho˩ a adjective Tone: La. From: chinois ancien:fn:合?. correct. 准确/合适. adjective. mɤ˧-ho˩ neg 不合适，不准，不对 ho˩-ze˧! pfv 对了！ / 准确！ ho˩-hĩ˩˥ rel / nmlz 准确的 ho˩ɕjæ˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 藿香 . hyssop. 藿香. plant. ho˩dʑɯ˩ adjective Tone: L. destitute. 穷苦. adjective. ho˩dʑɯ˩-ze˥ pfv 变穷苦了 ho˩lo˧pv˥ noun Tone: LM+H#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 胡萝卜 . carrot. 胡萝卜. plant. ho˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_sip. 小口地喝. verb. ʐɯ˧ ho˧˥ to sip wine 小口地喝酒 ʐɯ˧ ho˧~ho˥ to sip wine 小口地喝酒 ʐɯ˧ | ɖɯ˧-ho˧~ho˥ to sip wine 喝一小口酒 hõ˧ verb Tone: M intrans. to_go. imp . 走.°命令式. verb. no˧ hõ˧! Go! 你走吧！ no˧ | le˧-hõ˧! Go! 你走吧！ ə˧-ze˧~ze˥ hõ˩! / ə˧-dzɤ˥ | le˧-hõ˧! Walk slowly! / Take your time on the road! / Have a quiet and pleasant journey! (Polite salutation to someone who is leaving.) 慢走！ ɑ˩pʰo˩ hõ˩˥! Get out! 出去！走开！滚出去！ imp . 命令式 . verb. no˧ | dzɯ˧-hõ˧! Eat! 你吃吧！ hõ˧-ɬi˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. 8th_month. 八月. time. hõ˩tsʰi˧˥ numeral Tone: LM+MH#. 80. 80. number. hõ˧˥ numeral Tone: MH. 8. 8. number. hu˥ verb Tone: H. to_wait. 等候. verb. le˧-hu˥-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 等了 ɖɯ˧-hu˥ / ɖɯ˧-hu˧-ɻ˥ to wait a while / Wait a while! 等一下 / 请等一下！ hĩ˧ hu˧ to wait for someone 等人 hu˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: ɭɯ˧ stomach. 胃. body. hu˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_miss. 想念. verb. ə˧mi˧ hu˧˥ to miss (one's) mother 想念母亲 hu˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ entrails. 内脏. body. hɯ˧ verb Tone: M' intrans. to_go. pst . 走.°过去式. verb. (ki˧zo˧) | lo˧ ʝi˧-hɯ˧(-ze˩)! Kizo has gone to work! 给若（人名）干活去了！ le˧-hɯ˩-hĩ˩ hĩ˩ euphemism for 'deceased person': literally 'person who has gone' 委婉语：‘走了的人’=去世了的人 hɯ˧ b classifier Tone: Mb. clf .a_little/a_few . 量词 .一点 . classifier. ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧ ɖɯ˧-hɯ˧ some medicines, a few medicines 一些药 hṽ˥ verb Tone: H. to_stir_fry. 炒. verb. hṽ˧~hṽ˧ red 重叠 le˧-hṽ˧~hṽ˧ accomp red accomp red hṽ˧~hṽ˧-ze˩ red pfv 炒了 ʂe˧ hṽ˧~hṽ˧ to stir-fry some meat 炒肉 v˩tsʰɤ˧ hṽ˧~hṽ˧ to stir-fry some vegetables 炒蔬菜 læ˧tsɯ˥ hṽ˩~hṽ˩ to stir-fry chili peppers 炒辣椒 hɑ˧ hṽ˧~hṽ˧ to stir-fry some rice, to stir-fry some food 炒饭 hṽ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰɯ˩ body_hair. 毛. body. hṽ˧dɤ˧ɻ#˥ adjective Tone: #H. clumsy. 笨拙. adjective. hṽ˩-hĩ˩˥ rel 笨拙的 hṽ˧dɤ˧ɻ˧~hṽ˧dɤ˧ɻ˧-zo˥ clumsy person / clumsy boy 笨手笨脚的（男）人 hṽ˩ɖɻ˩~hṽ˧ɖɻ˧-gv˧ red 重叠：笨笨的 hṽ˧~hṽ˩-ɖʐæ˩~ɖʐæ˩ adjective Tone: L#-. Etym: hṽ˩a 1. intensely_red. 红红的. adjective. hṽ˧nɑ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ wild_animal. 野兽. animal. hṽ˩ a adjective Tone: La. red. 红. adjective. hṽ˩ a adjective Tone: La. of_small_stature. 矮. adjective. hṽ˩-ɖʐæ˩ɻæ˥ adjective Tone: L+H#. Etym: hṽ˩a 1. intensely_red. 红红的. adjective. hṽ˩ɖʐæ˩ɻæ˥-gv˩ intensely red, red all over 红红的 hṽ˩ɖʐæ˩˥ | hṽ˩ɖʐæ˩˥ gv˩ red; the first two syllables are higher-pitched than the following two 重叠 hṽ˩~hṽ˩ verb Tone: L. to_disturb. 干扰. adjective. hĩ˧ hṽ˥~hṽ˩ to annoy people 干扰人家 hwɑ˩kwɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ From: Chinese 黄瓜 . 黄瓜::cucumber. 黄瓜（ 借词） . plant. hwæ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_buy. 买. verb. le˧-hwæ˧ accomp accomp tso˧~tso˧ hwæ˩ to buy things 买东西 ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ hwæ˩ to buy a piece (of something) 买一块 hwæ˧~hwæ˩ red 重叠 hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ squirrel. 松鼠. animal. hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥-pʰv˩ male squirrel 公松鼠 hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥-mi˩ female squirrel 母松鼠 hwæ˧ɖʐæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ wart. 瘊子. body. hwæ˧ʈʂæ˥ tʰv˩ a wart forms 长瘊子 hwæ˧ʈʂæ˥ | le˧-tʰv˧-ze˧! A wart has formed! 长瘊子了！ hwæ˧pʰæ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰæ˧˥ piece_of_cloth. 一块布. clothing. hwæ˧pʰæ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: nɑ˧ large_hoe. 大锄. agriculture. hwæ˧pʰæ˩ tʰv˩-nɑ˩ n + dem + clf 这把大锄 hwæ˧pʰæ˩-gv˩-di˩ noun Tone: L#--. classifier: nɑ˧ loom. 织布机. object. hwæ˧pʰæ˩gv˩di˩-tɕi˩tɕʰi˧ industrial sewing machine (formed of the Na word plus the Chinese word for 'engine') 工业织布机。直译：“织布机器”（在摩梭词后面加上汉语的“机器”） hwæ˧tsɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ From: Chinese 耗子 . rat. 老鼠（ 借词） . animal. hwæ˧tsɯ˥-pʰv˩ male rat 公老鼠 hwæ˧tsɯ˥-mi˩ female rat 母老鼠 hwæ˧tsɯ˥-njɤ˩di˩ noun Tone: H#-. classifier: dzi˩ setose_thisle. 大蓟. plant. hwæ˧tsɯ˥-njɤ˩di˩-si˩dzi˩ noun Tone: H#--. burdock. 牛蒡. plant. hwæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_close. 关（门）. verb. kʰi˧ | tʰi˧-hwæ˩! Close the door! 关门吧！ ʂe˧bæ˧ | le˧-wo˧-hwæ˥ kʰi˧-bi˥ di˩-hĩ˩ ʂe˩bæ˩ See: ʈæ˩a hwæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_hang. 挂. verb. tso˧~tso˧ | gɤ˧bi˧ hwæ˥ to suspend things up high (e.g. on a hook) 挂东西在上面 tso˧~tso˧ hwæ˥ to suspend things 挂东西 ʂe˧ | tʰi˧-hwæ˩ to hang meat (above the hearth, to smoke it) 挂肉（在火塘上，为了熏肉） tso˧~tso˧ | tʰi˧-hwæ˩ to suspend things 挂东西 ʂe˧-hwæ˥-di˩ A small beam in the main room (right under the main beams) where meat is suspended to smoke it. The word literally means "thing to hang meat". 主屋里面的小梁（大梁下面），用来挂肉，熏肉。直译：“挂肉的东西”。 tso˧~tso˧-hwæ˥-di˩ object used to suspend things; this can refer to any object from a hook to a beam on which things are hung 挂（东西）用的（东西），如：钩子、用来挂肉的小梁…… hwɤ̃˩ a adjective Tone: La. late. 迟. adjective. hwɤ̃˩-hĩ˩˥ rel / nmlz 迟的 ʈʂʰɯ˧ ʑi˧-ʈi˥ hwɤ̃˩! He/she gets up late! 他起床起得晚！ hwɤ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ gift/donation. 大礼物. object. hwɤ˧ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ a gift, a donation 一份大礼物 hwɤ˥ verb Tone: H. to_participate_in_a_funeral. 执绋送丧. verb. hwɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. broad/vast. 宽敞. adjective. qʰɑ˧-hwɤ˧-gv˧ extremely vast 非常宽敞 hwɤ˧kʰv˥ noun Tone: H#. year_of_the_Cat. 鼠年. time. hwɤ˧li˧-bv˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: kɤ˧˥ lower_balcony. 夹层. house. Syn: hwɤ˧li˧-se˧-di˧˥ hwɤ˧li˧-se˧-di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: kɤ˧˥ lower_balcony. 夹层. house. Syn: hwɤ˧li˧-bv˥ hwɤ˧li˧-ʂɯ˧mo˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: mi˩ old_cat. 老猫. animal. hwɤ˧li˧-zo˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kitten. 小猫. animal. hwɤ˧li˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: mi˩ cat. 猫. animal. hwɤ˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: mi˩ she_cat. 母猫. animal. hwɤ˧mi˧-hwɤ˥pʰv˩ / hwɤ˧mi˧-hwɤ˧pʰv˥# she-cat and tom-cat 母猫与公猫 hwɤ˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ tom. 公猫. animal. hwɤ˧pʰv˧ tʰv˧-mi˥# n + dem + clf 那个公猫 hwɤ˧pʰv˧-hwɤ˧mi˥ tom-cat and she-cat 公猫与母猫 hwɤ˧se˧ noun Tone: M. From: Chinese:花生 . peanuts. 花生. plant. hwɤ˧se˧-qo˧tv˩ peanuts 花生米 hwɤ˧tɕi˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: po˧ curly_dock. 土大黄. plant. hwɤ˧tɕi˥-bæ˩bæ˩ same meaning 同上 hwɤ˧tɕʰi˥-ʁo˩bv˩ sprouts of curly dock 土大黄的嫩芽 hwɤ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kitten. 小猫. animal. hwɤ˧zo˧ tʰv˧-ɭɯ#˥ n + dem + clf 那个小猫 hwɤ˧zo˧-hwɤ˧mi˥ cats, the cat family: kitten and parents 猫，包括小猫、母猫和公猫 hwɤ˩ verb Tone: La. to_pack_together. 捆. verb. zɯ˧-wɤ˧ hwɤ˥ to make a bundle of hay 将草捆成一垛、捆一垛草 si˧-wɤ˧ hwɤ˥ to make a bundle of wood 将木头捆成一堆、捆一堆木头 hɑ˧-wɤ˧ hwɤ˥ to make a bundle of cut cereals 将粮食捆成一包、捆一包粮食 wɤ˩ hwɤ˩˥ to tie together into a bundle, to make a bundle 捆成一包 wɤ˩˥ | tʰi˧-hwɤ˩ and then, (we) tie (it) into a bundle! 然后，捆成一包！ wɤ˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-wɤ˩ hwɤ˩ to tie another bundle, to make (yet) another bundle 又捆一包 to_be_in_trouble. 有困难. verb. hĩ˧, | wɤ˩ hwɤ˧ ʝi˧-ni˥gv˩! The people seem to be unhappy / under strain! (Figuratively: they look all tied up, as if they were tied with a rope, unable to move = to live a normal life.) 人家难受，像被捆一样 wɤ˩hwɤ˧ ʝi˧-ni˥gv˩-ɲi˩-ze˩! I have put myself in trouble! / I have made a lot of trouble for myself! / I have put my knickers in a twist! 我给自己找麻烦了！ hwɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_hand_over. 递. verb. hĩ˧-ki˧ | tso˧~tso˧ hwɤ˥ to send some stuff to someone 给人家寄东西 hwɤ˩dʑɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ cabin. 山上小木房. house. hwɤ˩kæ˧ noun Tone: LM. red_birch. 红桦树. plant. hwɤ˩kæ˧-si˧dzi˩ same meaning: red birch 同上：红桦树 hwɤ˩ʈi˥ verb Tone: LH. to_rust. 生锈. verb. hwɤ˩ʈi˥-ze˩ pfv : it has become rusty it has become rusty 生锈了 hwɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_mend. 补. verb. le˧-hwɤ˧˥ accomp accomp bɑ˩lɑ˩ hwɤ˥ to mend clothes 补衣服 hwɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: mi˩ cat. 猫. animal. hwɤ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. rust. 锈. natural environment.