Index

ʐ

ʐ ʐæ˧ ʐæ˧ a ʐæ˧v˩-tʰv˩ ʐæ˩ b ʐæ˩mi#˥ ʐæ˩pʰv˧ ʐæ˩sɯ˩ ʐæ˩sɯ˩-kʰwæ˩ɻæ˧ ʐæ˩ʂæ˧ ʐæ˩tsɯ˧˥ ʐæ˩zo#˥ ʐæ˩˥ ʐe˥ ʐe˥ ʐe˥ ʐe˧ʈæ˥-ɬi˩ ʐe˧v#˥ ʐe˧zo#˥ ʐe˩ʐe˧-bæ˩bæ˩ ʐe˩ʐe˧-læ˧tsɯ˥ ʐɤ˧ b ʐɤ˩ c ʐɤ˩ a ʐɤ˩mi˩ ʐɤ˩ni˩ ʐɤ˩qo˩ ʐɤ˩ʐɤ˧˥ ʐɤ˩˧ ʐo˩ ʐo˩ a ʐo˩ a ʐo˩dzɯ˩ ʐo˩~ʐo˧˥ ʐɯ˥ ʐɯ˧ ʐɯ˧ɭɯ˧ ʐɯ˧nɑ˩ ʐɯ˩dzi˥ ʐɯ˩gv˩ ʐɯ˩-mo˧˥ ʐɯ˩tse˧ ʐɯ˩tse˧-mæ˧ʂæ˩ ʐɯ˩tsɯ˧ ʐɯ˩tsɯ˧mɤ˩ʈʂʰɤ˩ ʐv˧ ʐv˧bæ˧ ʐv˧bæ˧-bv˧-hɑ#˥ ʐv˧bæ˧-mi˩ ʐv˧bæ˧-pʰv#˥ ʐv˧bæ˧-zo#˥ ʐv˧bæ˧-ʐv˧qʰɑ#˥ ʐv˧bɤ#˥ ʐv˧di˧˥ ʐv˧dzi˩ ʐv˧hĩ#˥ ʐv˧mi#˥ ʐv˧mv˧lɑ˧di˧˥ ʐv˧-ɲi˧-ʁo˧tʰo˥ ʐv˧ɻ˥ ʐv˧-tsʰi˩ ʐv˧v#˥ ʐv˧v˥-ʐv˩mi˩ ʐv˧-zo#˥ ʐv˩ a ʐv˩ a ʐv˩ɭɯ˥ ʐv˩-ɬi˩mi˩ ʐv˩mi˩ ʐv˧˥ ʐwæ˥ ʐwæ˧ a ʐwæ˧bv˧˥ ʐwæ˧-hɑ#˥ ʐwæ˧-kʰv˩ ʐwæ˧-ɭɯ#˥ ʐwæ˧pʰæ˧di˧˥ ʐwæ˧-qʰæ#˥ ʐwæ˧ʁo˩ ʐwæ˧sɯ˩ ʐwæ˧zo#˥ ʐwæ˧-zɯ#˥ ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˧ ʐwæ˩ ʐwæ˩ a ʐwæ˩ a ʐwæ˩mi˩ ʐwæ˩ʈʂɤ˩ ʐwæ˧˥ ʐwɤ˧ ʐwɤ˧mv˧ ʐwɤ˩ b

ʐ ideophone Tone: 0. ideo_Brrroom! . 轰隆隆！. morphosyntax. ʐæ˧ adjective Tone: M. tall_and_big. 高大. adjective. ʐæ˧-ni˩gv˩ tall and big; great; impressive 高大 hĩ˧ | ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧, | ʐæ˧-ni˩gv˩! This person looks impressive / tall and big! 这人很高大！ ʐæ˧ni˩ | mɤ˧-gv˧ not impressive, not great-looking 个子不高 ʐæ˧ | ʐwæ˩˥ very tall and big 很高大 ʐæ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_laugh. 笑. verb. zo˧hṽ˥ | hĩ˧ ʐæ˧~ʐæ˥-kʰɯ˩ The kids make people laugh 孩子们把大家逗笑了。 hĩ˧ | ʐæ˧~ʐæ˥ kʰɯ˩ to make people laugh, to amuse people 让大家笑一笑 ʐæ˧~ʐæ˩-di˩ jokes, funny talk 笑话，好笑的话 to_make_fun_of. 嘲笑. le˧-ʐæ˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv 出言不逊了 le˧-ʐæ˥~ʐæ˩ red 笑一笑（别人） hĩ˧ ʐæ˩ to make fun of other people 嘲笑人家 le˧-ʐæ˥~ʐæ˩-ze˩ red pfv 嘲笑了 ʐæ˧v˩-tʰv˩ verb Tone: L#-. to_joke. 开玩笑. verb. ʐæ˧v˩-tʰv˩ | ʐwæ˩˥ to crack jokes all the time, to make lots of jokes 开很多玩笑、一直开玩笑 ʐæ˧v˩-tʰv˩-hĩ˩ ʐwɤ˩ to crack a joke 开个玩笑 ʐæ˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_mix. 搅拌合混. verb. le˧-ʐæ˧~ʐæ˥ accomp _ red 搅拌 ʐæ˩mi#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ female_panther. 母豹子. animal. ʐæ˩mi˧-ʐæ˥zo˩ female panther and male panther 母豹子与公豹子 ʐæ˩pʰv˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_panther. 公豹子. animal. ʐæ˩pʰv˧-ʐæ˩mi˩ male panther and female panther 公豹子与母豹子 ʐæ˩sɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧˥ piece_of_felt. 披毡. clothing. ʐæ˩sɯ˩-kʰwæ˩ɻæ˧ noun classifier: tsʰi˥ felt_mat. 毡子做的垫子. clothing. ʐæ˩ʂæ˧ adjective Tone: LM. far. 远. space. no˧ | ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ə˩-ʐæ˥ʂæ˩? | dʑɤ˩kʰwɤ˧ ə˩-di˩? | - dʑɤ˩˥ | dʑɤ˩kʰwɤ˧ mɤ˧-di˥! | mɤ˧-ʐæ˩ʂæ˩! Are you distant from him? Is there distance (between you)? - There is not much distance to speak of! We are not distant! (=we are close friends) 你们很熟吗？ - 不很熟！ ʐæ˩tsɯ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: kʰɯ˩ trail. 小路. natural environment. ʐæ˩tsɯ˧-ʐɤ˥mi˩ small trail 径道 ʐæ˩zo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ little_panther. 小豹子. animal. ʐæ˩zo˧-ʐæ˥mi˩ baby panther and female panther 小豹子与母豹子 ʐæ˩˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: pʰo˧˥ leopard. 豹子. animal. ʐæ˩ dzɯ˧-ze˩ ...ate (a/the) leopard 吃了豹子 ʐæ˩ hwæ˧-ze˩ ...bought (a/the) leopard 买了豹子 ʐe˥ classifier Tone: Ha. clf .quarter_of_preserved_meat . 量词 .熏肉块 . classifier. ʐe˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰɯ˩ arrow. 箭. object. ʐe˧ɻ̃˧ | ɖɯ˧-kʰɯ˩ an arrow; also, metaphorically: a family, a lineage 一枝箭。也来指一个家庭 ʐe˥ noun Tone: #H. rainy_season. 雨季. time. ʐe˧ʈæ˥-ɬi˩ noun Tone: H#-L. 11th_month. 十一月. time. ʐe˧v#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ castrated_ox. 阉牛. animal. ʐe˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. arrow. 箭. object. ʐe˧zo˧ | ɖɯ˧-kʰɯ˩ one arrow 一枝箭 ʐe˩ʐe˧-bæ˩bæ˩ noun Tone: LM-L. wild_cotton. 野棉花. plant. See: je˩ʐe˧ ʐe˩ʐe˧-læ˧tsɯ˥ noun Tone: LM-H#. pig_fodder. 喂猪的牧草. plant. ʐɤ˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_raise. 饲养. verb. bo˩ ʐɤ˧ to raise pigs 养猪 ʐwæ˧zo˧ ʐɤ˧ to raise colts 养小马 ʐɤ˩ c classifier Tone: Lc. clf .patterns . 量词 .图案 . classifier. ʐɤ˩ a adjective Tone: La. clean. 干净. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʐɤ˩-hĩ˩ ɲi˥ It is clean 这是干净的 mɤ˧-ʐɤ˩ not clean, dirty 不干净 ʐɤ˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: kʰɯ˩ road. 路. natural environment. hĩ˧ | ɖɯ˧-v˧~ɖɯ˧-v˧ | le˧-se˥, | ʐɤ˩mi˩ tsɤ˩˥! People walk, one after the other, and they create a path! (Context: when people go to fell trees on the mountain, where there was no path before, their passage open a new path, whose traces remain visible and may become a customary path.) 路是人走出来的！ ʐɤ˩ni˩ adjective Tone: L. near. 近. adjective. ʐɤ˩qo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ veal. 小牛. animal. male_pianniu. 公犏牛. ʐɤ˩ʐɤ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. classifier: ʐɤ˩ lines/pattern. 花纹. object. ʐɤ˩ʐɤ˧ tʰi˧-di˥ with lines/patterns / there are lines/patterns 有花纹 bɑ˩lɑ˩˥ | ʈʰɯ˧-ɭɯ˥-bi˩ | ʐɤ˩ʐɤ˧ tʰi˧-di˥ There are lines/patterns on this piece of clothing. 这衣服上面有花纹。 ʐɤ˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: kʰɯ˩ classifier: objets longs road. 路. natural environment. ʐɤ˩mi˩-qo˥ on the road, on the way 路上 ʐɤ˩mi˩-qo˥, | hĩ˧ se˧! | People are walking on the road/path! 路上有人走！ ʐɤ˩ se˩-zo˩˥ traveller, person who travels; specifically: person who does commerce by caravans 旅人，特别指走马帮的商人 ʐo˩ noun Tone: L. noon/lunch. 中午. time. ʐo˩ dzɯ˩˥ to have lunch 吃午饭 ʐo˩ a verb Tone: La. to_swing_back_and_forth. 甩来甩去. verb. ɖɯ˧-ʐo˩-ɻ˩ to swing back and forth 甩来甩去 ʐo˩~ʐo˧-ze˥ red pfv red pfv le˧-ʐo˩~ʐo˩ accomp red accomp red ʐo˩ a adjective Tone: La. light. 轻. adjective. ʐo˩dzɯ˩ verb Tone: L. to_eat_lunch. 吃午饭. verb. ʐo˩ dzɯ˩˥ to have lunch 吃午饭 ʐo˩ dzɯ˩-se˥ afternoon 下午 ʐo˩~ʐo˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_swing. 摔. verb. ʐɯ˥ adjective Tone: H. heavy. 重. adjective. ʐɯ˧ noun Tone: M. wine. 酒. food. ʐɯ˧ pʰv˧˥ to pour wine 斟酒 ʐɯ˧ɭɯ˧ verb Tone: M. to_shake(earthquake). 地震. verb. ʐɯ˧ɭɯ˧-ze˧! There is an earthquake! 地震了！ ʐɯ˧nɑ˩ noun Tone: L#. high_quality_wine. 醇酒. food. ʐɯ˩dzi˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: dzi˩ cedar. 杉树. plant. ʐɯ˩gv˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: nɑ˧ boat. 船. object. ʐɯ˩gv˩ dzi˩˥ to sit in a boat 坐船 ʐɯ˩-mo˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. cedar_tree_mushroom. “杉树菌”. plant. tʰo˧mo˩-ʐɯ˩mo˩ Pine-tree mushroom and cedar-tree mushroom 松树菌与杉树菌 See: ʐɯ˩dzi˥ ʐɯ˩tse˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: v˧ mountain_spirit. 山神. religion. ʐɯ˩tse˧-mæ˧ʂæ˩ noun Tone: LM-L#. golden_pheasant. 锦鸡. animal. See: ʐɯ˩tse˧ ʐɯ˩tsɯ˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 日子 . 日子::days. 日子（ 借词） . time. ʐɯ˩tsɯ˧mɤ˩ʈʂʰɤ˩ noun Tone: LM-L. classifier: tsʰi˥ mattress. 褥子. house. ʐv˧ numeral Tone: M? H#?. 4. 4. number. ʐv˧bæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: mi˩ snake. 蛇. animal. ʐv˧bæ˧ ɣɯ˩ pʰv˩ The snake sheds skin / exuviates 蛇蜕皮 ʐv˧bæ˧-bv˧-hɑ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: qɑ˩ classifier: botte pig_fodder. 喂猪的草. plant. ʐv˧bæ˧-mi˩ noun Tone: °L. classifier: mi˩ female_snake. 母蛇. animal. ʐv˧bæ˧-pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: mi˩ male_snake. 公蛇. animal. ʐv˧bæ˧-zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_snake. 小蛇. animal. ʐv˧bæ˧-ʐv˧qʰɑ#˥ noun jack_in_the_pulpit. 天南星. plant. ʐv˧bɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ Pumi_of_mountains. 高山普米族. ethnic groups. ʐv˧di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. banks_of_the_Yangtze. 金沙江边. place name. ʐv˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˩ willow. 柳树. plant. ʐv˧hĩ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ Pumi. 普米族. ethnic groups. ʐv˧mi#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ granddaughter. 孙女. society. njɤ˧ | ʐv˧mi˧ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ dʑo˧ I have a granddaughter. 我有一个孙女。 ʐv˧mv˧lɑ˧di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: v˧ Pumi_territory. 江边普米族地区. ethnic groups. ʐv˧mv˧lɑ˧di˧-hĩ˥ people from the Pumi territories 普米族地区的人们 ʐv˧-ɲi˧-ʁo˧tʰo˥ adverb Tone: H#. in_four_days. 四天以后. time. ʐv˧ɻ˥ adjective Tone: H#. square. 正方形. adjective. ʐv˩-hĩ˩˥ nmlz 方形的 ʐv˧ɻ˥-gv˩ square 方形的 ʐv˧-tsʰi˩ numeral Tone: L#. 40. 40. number. ʐv˧v#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ classifier: objets ronds grandson. 孙子. society. njɤ˧ | ʐv˧v˧ ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ dʑo˧. I have a grandson. 我有一个孙子。 ʐv˧v˥-ʐv˩mi˩ noun Tone: H#-. grandchildren. 孙子孙女. society. ʐv˧-zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: nɑ˧ small_bow. 小弓. object. ʐv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_knead. 揉. verb. pɤ˩jɤ˧ ʐv˥ to knead dough 揉面 ʐv˧~ʐv˥ red 重叠 ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˧ ʐv˥ to knead a piece (of dough) 揉一块（面团） to_crease. 皱. bɑ˩lɑ˩ ʐv˥(-ze˩) to crease clothes; the clothes have been creased; the clothes are creased 衣服皱了 ʐv˧~ʐv˥ red 重叠 le˧-ʐv˧~ʐv˥-ze˩ accomp _ red pfv accomp _ red pfv ʐv˩ a adjective Tone: La. good. 香. adjective. ʐv˩ɭɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ small_beam. 小梁. house. ʐv˩-ɬi˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. 4th_month. 四月. time. ʐv˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: nɑ˧ bow. 弓. object. ʐv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_sew. 缝. verb. ʐwæ˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: v˧ horse. 马. animal. dʑɯ˩ʁo˩-ʐwæ˩ wild horse 野马 o-ho-ho! ʐwæ˧-ɳɯ˩ | dzɯ˧-po˧-hɯ˥-ze˩! Oops! The horse scoffed the lot! 啊呀嚒！马把饲料都吃光了！ ʐwæ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_weigh. 称. verb. mɤ˧-ʐwæ˧ neg 不称 le˧-ʐwæ˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv 称了 tso˧~tso˧ ʐwæ˩ to weigh things 称东西 ʁo˧do˧ ʐwæ˧ to weigh walnuts 称核桃 ʐwæ˧bv˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ stable. 马圈. house. ʐwæ˧-hɑ#˥ noun Tone: #H. horse_feed. 马料. food. ʐwæ˧-kʰv˩ noun Tone: L#. year_of_the_Horse. 马年. time. ʐwæ˧-ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. cereals_for_horse_fodder. 马料（粮食）. food. ʐwæ˧pʰæ˧di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lunge. 拉马链子. object. ʐwæ˧-qʰæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ʁwɤ˧ horse_manure. 马粪. agriculture. ʐwæ˧ʁo˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: v˧ castrated_horse. 骟马. animal. ʐwæ˧sɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: mi˩ stallion. 公马. animal. ʐwæ˧sɯ˩-ʐwæ˩mi˩ stallion and mare 公马与母马 ʐwæ˧sɯ˩-ʐwæ˩zo˩ stallion and colt 公马与小马 ʐwæ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ colt. 马驹子. animal. ʐwæ˧zo˧-ʐwæ˥mi˩ colt and mare 马驹子与母马 ʐwæ˧-zɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. horse_hay. 喂马的草. food. ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˧ verb Tone: M. to_put_in_order. 收拾. verb. tso˧~tso˧ ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˧(-ze˩) to put things in order 收拾东西 le˧-ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˧ ɖɯ˧-ʝi˧-tɕɯ˥ to put things in order in one place, to arrange things together in one place 把东西收拾在一起 to_gather. 聚集. verb. ʐwæ˩ adverb Tone: L. intensive .extremely . 极. morphosyntax. ʐwæ˩-ze˥! That's too much! / There's too much! 太多了！ ʐwæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_swoon. 昏. verb. le˧-ʈʰi˩ | le˧-ʐwæ˩-ze˩ to be so tired as to fall into a swoon, to swoon from exhaustion 累得都昏倒了 ʐwæ˩ a adjective Tone: La. good. 能干. adjective. ʐwæ˩-hĩ˩˥ nmlz 能干的 ʈʂʰɯ˧ ɖwæ˧˥ | ʐwæ˩˥! He is very capable! 他很能干！ ʐwæ˩mi˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: v˧ classifier: jɤ˧˥ mare. 母马. animal. ʂe˩-ʐwæ˩mi˥ bicycle 自行车（“铁马”） ʐwæ˩mi˩-ʐwæ˩zo˩ mare and colt 母马与马驹子 ʐwæ˩ʈʂɤ˩ adjective Tone: L. remarkable. 了不起. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ə˧tso˧ ʐwæ˩ʈʂɤ˩-tso˩ dʑo˩? What's so remarkable about her/him? 他有什么了不起的？ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʐwæ˩ʈʂɤ˩˥ | ʐwæ˩˥! It's really an outstanding person! 他非常了不起！ ʐwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_hoe. 薅锄. verb. ʐwæ˩~ʐwæ˧˥ red 重叠 jɤ˩jo˥ ʐwæ˩ to hoe potatoes, to weed a potato field 洋芋地里锄草 jɤ˩jo˧ ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˥ to hoe potatoes, to weed a potato field 洋芋地里锄草 qʰɑ˧dze˧ ʐwæ˧˥ to hoe sweetcorn, to weed a sweetcorn field 苞谷地里锄草 qʰɑ˧dze˧ ʐwæ˧~ʐwæ˥ to hoe sweetcorn, to weed a sweetcorn field 苞谷地里锄草 ʐwɤ˧ adjective Tone: M. hungry(monosyll.). 饿. adjective. hɑ˧-ʐwɤ˩ to be hungry 饿 ʐwɤ˧mv˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ Etym: ʐwɤ˩b. idiom. 惯用语. language. ʐwɤ˧mv˧ dʑo˧-kv˧˥ ! This is how they say! / There's such a set phrase! 有这么一句老话！ / 有这么一个说法！ æ˧ʂæ˧-ʐwɤ˧mv˧ | ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ a saying, a set phrase of the old times 一句老话、一个传统的说法 ʐwɤ˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_speak. 讲话. verb. ʐwɤ˧~ʐwɤ˩ mɤ˩-hĩ˩ dumb person, person who is not able to speak 哑巴、不会讲话的人 ʐwɤ˧~ʐwɤ˩ mɤ˩-hĩ˩, | ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧! (S)he is not able to speak! / (S)he won't speak! 不会讲话，这个人！ / 这个人，不会讲话！ le˧-ʐwɤ˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 讲了 no˧ | ə˧tso˧ ʐwɤ˩-ɲi˩? What are you saying? / What do you mean? 你说什么？ ʐwɤ˧~ʐwɤ˩ red 重叠 le˧-ʐwɤ˩ to answer 回答 le˧-wo˧ ʐwɤ˧˥ as above: to answer 同上：回答 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | le˧-ʐwɤ˩-bi˩-dʑo˩... According to her/him... / From her/his point of view... 依照他的说法…… hĩ˧-qɑ˧ ʐwɤ˧~ʐwɤ˥ to speak to people 对人家讲 le˧-ʐwɤ˧~ʐwɤ˥-ze˩ accomp red pfv accomp red pfv