Index

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ʈæ˧bɤ˧ ʈæ˧kwæ˧˥ ʈæ˧qo˧ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-pæ˩pʰæ˩ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-tsʰi˩ti˩ ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ʈæ˩ʈv˩ ʈæ˩ a ʈæ˩ɖɯ˧ ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥ ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥ ʈæ˩ʈv#˥ ʈɤ˧ a ʈi˥ a ʈi˩ a ʈɯ˧ a ʈɯ˧ʈʰæ#˥ ʈv˩ ʈv˩ a ʈv˩ a ʈv˩ b ʈv˩qʰv˩ ʈwæ˩ a ʈwæ˧˥ ʈwɤ˧ a ʈʰæ˧-mɤ˧-ʝi#˥ ʈʰæ˧mi˧-ɳɯ˩ -ʈʰæ˧qo˩ ʈʰæ˧qʰwɤ˧ ʈʰæ˩ki˩ ʈʰæ˩~ʈʰæ˧˥ ʈʰæ˧˥ ʈʰɤ˥ a ʈʰɤ˧˥ ʈʰi˩ a ʈʰɯ˩ a ʈʰɯ˩ b ʈʂɑ˧tɑ˥ ʈʂæ˧mo#˥ ʈʂæ˧ʈʂɯ˧ ʈʂæ˧wɤ˩ ʈʂæ˩do#˥ ʈʂæ˧˥ ʈʂæ˧˥ ʈʂæ˧˥ ʈʂæ˧˥ ʈʂæ˧˥ a ʈʂe˥ ʈʂe˥ ʈʂe˧dɑ˥ ʈʂe˧gi˥$ ʈʂe˩ a ʈʂe˩kʰɯ˩ ʈʂe˩ʂwæ˧˥ ʈʂɤ˧ a ʈʂo˧kʰɯ˩ ʈʂo˧ɭɯ#˥ ʈʂo˧ɭɯ˧ʈʂo˧˥ ʈʂo˧ʂɯ#˥ ʈʂo˧tsɯ˥ ʈʂo˩ ʈʂo˩bo˩ ʈʂo˩mv˩ ʈʂɻ˥ ʈʂɯ˧ ʈʂɯ˧dzi˩ ʈʂɯ˧fv#˥ ʈʂɯ˧mɤ˩ ʈʂɯ˧˥ ʈʂv˧di˧˥ ʈʂv˧pɤ˩ ʈʂv˧tɕɯ˥ ʈʂv˩ ʈʂv˩ a ʈʂv˩ a ʈʂv˩dʑɯ˥ ʈʂv˩˥ ʈʂwɑ˧~ʈʂwɑ˧-nɑ˧~nɑ#˥ ʈʂwæ˥ a ʈʂwæ˧~ʈʂwæ˧ ʈʂwæ˩ho˧ɻ˧ ʈʂwæ˩~ʈʂwæ˧˥ ʈʂwæ˧˥ ʈʂwæ˧˥ ʈʂwɤ˧ a ʈʂwɤ˧ a ʈʂwɤ˧~ʈʂwɤ˩ ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˧ ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˧-mv˧lɑ˩ ʈʂʰɑ˧nɑ˥ ʈʂʰæ˥ ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ#˥ ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧-ki˩-hĩ˩-hĩ˩ ʈʂʰæ˧mi˥$ ʈʂʰæ˧nɑ˥ ʈʂʰæ˧pʰv#˥ ʈʂʰæ˧qʰv˥$ ʈʂʰæ˧sɯ˩ ʈʂʰæ˧~ʈʂʰæ˧ ʈʂʰæ˧zo#˥ ʈʂʰæ˧˥ ʈʂʰæ˧˥ ʈʂʰe˧ b ʈʂʰe˧~ʈʂʰe˧ ʈʂʰɤ˧zo˥-ʈʂʰɤ˩mv˩ ʈʂʰɤ˩ a ʈʂʰɤ˩ho˥ ʈʂʰɤ˩kɤ˧ ʈʂʰɤ˩qo˧ ʈʂʰɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩ ʈʂʰɤ˩~ʈʂʰɤ˧˥ ʈʂʰo˥ ʈʂʰo˧ b ʈʂʰo˧bɤ#˥ ʈʂʰo˧bv˩ ʈʂʰo˧do˩ ʈʂʰo˧lo#˥ ʈʂʰɻ ʈʂʰɻ˧ ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ a -ʈʂʰɯ˥ ʈʂʰɯ˥ ʈʂʰɯ˥ ʈʂʰɯ˧-gɤ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧gi#˥ ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ ʈʂʰɯ˧qɑ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-qo˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ ʈʂʰɯ˧ʂo˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧tɕi˩ ʈʂʰɯ˧zɯ˩ ʈʂʰv˧ ʈʂʰv˧dʑɯ˧ ʈʂʰv˧mi˧ ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˥$ ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˧qʰv#˥ ʈʂʰv˩ ʈʂʰv˩ ʈʂʰv˩ a ʈʂʰv˩~ʈʂʰv˩˧ ʈʂʰv˧˥ ʈʂʰwæ˧ a ʈʂʰwæ˧ a ʈʂʰwæ˧-bv˧nv#˥ ʈʂʰwæ˧kɯ˧ ʈʂʰwæ˧tsɯ˧ ʈʂʰwæ˧ʈʂʰwæ˧ ʈʂʰwæ˩ a ʈʂʰwæ˩tsʰɯ˩ ʈʂʰwæ˧˥ ʈʂʰwæ˧˥ ʈʂʰwæ˩˧ ʈʂʰwɤ˧tsʰi˧˥ ʈʂʰwɤ˩

ʈæ˧bɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: v˧ monk. 和尚/尼姑. society. ʈæ˧bɤ˧ʈʂʰo˧ same meaning 同上 ʈæ˧bɤ˧ ʝi˧-hĩ˧-hĩ˧ person who is a monk 当和尚的人 hæ˧ʈæ˩bɤ˩ Chinese monk 汉人和尚 ʈæ˧kwæ˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. wasteful. 爱浪费. adjective. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈæ˧kwæ˧-hĩ˥ | ɖɯ˧-v˧ ɲi˩. (S)he is a prodigal person. 他是爱浪费的人。 ʈæ˧qo˧ adverb Tone: M. at_bottom. 底下. space. hi˩nɑ˧mi˧-ʈæ˧qo˥ at the bottom of the Lake 在湖底下 ʈæ˧qo˧ tɕɯ˧ to place at the bottom of... 放在底下 hi˩nɑ˧mi˧, | ʈæ˧ mɤ˧-do˩; | hĩ˧-nv˥mi˩, | ɳv˧ mɤ˧-tʰɑ˩. "One can't see to the bottom of the Lake; one can't know the heart of men." (Proverb that comes up in courting songs.) “人的心，湖底藏：看不清，摸不透！” 直译：“湖，（我们）看不到（它的）底下。人的心，是知道不了的！”（情歌里的一个谚语） ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧ noun Tone: M. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ɖɯ˩mɑ˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ɬɑ˩mv˩ noun Tone: °L. feminine_given_name. 女性名字. given name. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-pæ˩pʰæ˩ noun Tone: °L. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-tsʰi˩ti˩ noun Tone: °L. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ʈæ˧ʂɯ˧-ʈæ˩ʈv˩ noun Tone: °L. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ʈæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_lock. 关. verb. bv˩qo˩ ʈæ˥ to close the stable 关牛圈 tʰi˧-ʈæ˩ dur : to close 关门 kʰi˧ ʈæ˥ to close the door 关门 to_tie. 扣. verb. ʈæ˩ɖɯ˧ adjective Tone: LM. satisfied/quiet. 安乐. adjective. mɤ˧-ʈæ˩ɖɯ˩ dissatisfied, restless 不高兴、不安 ə˧mɑ˧ | tsʰi˧-ɲi˧ | ʈæ˩ɖɯ˧ tʰi˧-dzi˩-dʑo˩! Today, Ama is sitting quietly! 今天，阿妈安乐地坐着。 ʈʂʰɯ˧-ɳɯ˧ | njɤ˧-ki˧ | mɤ˧-ʈæ˩ɖɯ˩-hĩ˩ ʐwɤ˩! He told me unpleasant things! / He told me vexing things! / He told me some things that make me frustrated/dissatisfied! 他跟我说了一些让我不安的（事情）！ / 他跟我说的，让我生气！ ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ group/class. 班/小组. religion. ʈæ˩tsʰo˧ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ a group (of priests) 一个小组、一帮（和尚） See: ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥2 ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥ classifier Tone: L. clf .groups . 量词 .班（和尚） . classifier. ɖɯ˧-ʈæ˩tsʰo˩ a group (of monks) 一班（和尚） See: ʈæ˩tsʰo#˥1 ʈæ˩ʈv#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. masculine_given_name. 男性名字. given name. ʈɤ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_pull. 拉/拽. verb. tso˧~tso˧ ʈɤ˩(-ze˩) to pull something 拉拽东西 mv˧ʐe˧ qʰæ˩ | le˧-wo˧-ʈɤ˥-di˩ periphrase to refer to the trigger of a gun: the part that one pulls to shoot 扳机 ʈi˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf_handspans(thumb_to_index ) . 量词 .拃(食指) . classifier. ʈi˩ a verb Tone: La. to_get_up. 起. verb. gɤ˩-ʈi˧ to get up 起来 ʑi˧ ʈi˥ to wake up 醒来 ʑi˧ gɤ˧-ʈi˩ to wake up 醒来 gɤ˩ mɤ˥-ʈi˩ not to get up 不起床 mɤ˧-ʈi˩-sɯ˩! (She/he) has not got up yet / is not up yet! 还没起床！ le˧-ʈi˩-ze˩! (She/he) has got up! 起床了！ ɖɯ˧-ʈi˧~ʈi˥-ɻ˩ delimitative red inceptive 起来一下 ʈɯ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_set_in_place. 安装/摆好. verb. ʂe˧kʰɯ˧ tʰi˧-ʈɯ˧˥, | v˧ | tʰi˧-ʈɯ˧ to set the tripod in place (in the hearth); to set the large pot in place (as part of the final steps in setting up the new home, after a new house has been built) （建完新房后）安装三脚架、把锅摆好（在三脚架上） tsʰo˩-ɻ̃˩˥ | dʑɯ˩ mɤ˩-ʈɯ˩˥, | lɑ˧-ʂe˧ | kʰv˧ tʰɑ˩-ki˩! "Human bones must not be put in water; tiger's flesh must not be given to the dog!" (Explanation: corpses were not buried in water, unlike in certain Tibetan customs. Neither the body, nor the ashes of cremation, must be put in water.) “人骨头，莫碰水！老虎肉，莫给狗！”（这个谚语，来强调摩梭与藏族的一些不同习惯：摩梭禁止让尸体或骨灰沾水。） ʈɯ˧ʈʰæ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ patrimony. 家底. clothing. ɑ˩ʁo˧ ʈɯ˧ʈʰæ˧! Prosperity to the family! 祝你们家发财！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈɯ˧ʈʰæ˧ | ɖwæ˧˥ | dʑo˧-ʝi˧! (S)he has a large patrimony / His/her family is rich! 他家底很好！ / 他家有钱！ ʈv˩ noun Tone: L. : ɭɯ˧ knot. 死扣. object. ɖɯ˧-ʈv˩ a knot 一个死结 ɖɯ˧-ʈv˩ | tʰi˧-ʈv˩ to tie a knot 打一个死结 ʈv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_weave. 编（竹子）. verb. qʰwɤ˧tʰv˧ ʈv˥ to weave a basket for carrying water 编背水的背篓 mi˩ɬi˩ ʈv˥ to weave bamboo 编竹子 tso˧~tso˧ ʈv˥ to weave things 编东西 ʈv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_throw. 掷. verb. mɤ˧-ʈv˩ neg neg lv˧mi˧ ʈv˩ to throw a stone 掷石头 tso˧~tso˧ ʈv˥ to throw things 掷东西 ʈv˩ b classifier Tone: Lb. clf .large_chunks . 量词 .大块 . classifier. ʈv˩qʰv˩ noun Tone: L. : ɭɯ˧ slipknot. 活扣. object. ʈv˩qʰv˩˥ | tʰi˧-ʈv˩ to tie a slipknot 打活扣 ʈv˩qʰv˩˥ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ | tʰi˧-ʈv˩ to tie a slipknot 打一个活扣 ʈwæ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_freeze. 冻. verb. dʑɯ˩ ʈwæ˩˥ water freezes 水冻成冰 dʑɯ˩pʰæ˩ ʈwæ˧-ze˩ ice has formed 水冻成冰了。 ɖɯ˧-ʈwæ˧~ʈwæ˥-ɻ˩ kʰɯ˩ to put to freeze, to put in the deep freeze 冷冻，放在冷箱 ʈwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_fall_down. 跌倒. verb. ʈwɤ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_sing. 啼. verb. æ̃˩ ʈwɤ˧ (+ze˧) The cock sings. 鸡叫。 ʈʰæ˧-mɤ˧-ʝi#˥ adjective Tone: #H. disorderly. 乱. adjective. ɑ˩ʁo˧ | ʈʰæ˧-mɤ˧-ʝi˧! | The house is in a mess! 家很乱！ ʈʰæ˧-mɤ˧-ʝi˧ ɲi˥! | It's a real mess! 真乱！ ʈʰæ˧mi˧-ɳɯ˩ adverb Tone: L#. really. 真的. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | ʈʰæ˧mi˧-ɳɯ˩ | go˩˥! (S)he is really ill! 他真的病了！ -ʈʰæ˧qo˩ postposition Tone: L#. under. 之下. space. ʈʰæ˧qʰwɤ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧˥ skirt. 裙子. clothing. ʈʰæ˩ki˩ verb Tone: L. to_perform_the_ceremony_for_women_coming_of_age. 举行女孩的成年礼. verb. ʈʰæ˩ki˩-ze˥! She has come of age! / The ceremony for her coming of age has been performed! 穿裙了！ / 行过穿裙礼了！ / 她成年了！ ʈʰæ˩~ʈʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_itch. 痒. verb. le˧-ʈʰæ˩~ʈʰæ˩-ze˩ accomp red pfv accomp red pfv ʈʰæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_bite. 咬/叮. verb. tso˧~tso˧ ʈʰæ˩(-ze˩) to bite things 咬东西 hĩ˧ ʈʰæ˩ to bite someone (e.g. a dog bites a stranger) 咬人 to_fit. 对号. verb. ʈʰɤ˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .drops . 量词 .滴 . classifier. ʈʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_drip. 滴. verb. tʰi˧-ʈʰɤ˩~ʈʰɤ˩ dur red 滴着滴着 ʈʰi˩ a adjective Tone: La. tired. 累. verb. le˧-ʈʰi˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv 累了 njɤ˧ | ʈʰi˩˥! I am tired! 我累了！ njɤ˧ | ʈʰi˩-ze˥! I am tired! 我累了！ ʈʰɯ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_sneeze. 打喷嚏. verb. ɖɯ˧-ʈʰɯ˧~ʈʰɯ˥ inceptive red ʈʰɯ˩ b verb Tone: Lb. to_drink. 喝. verb. njɤ˧ | mɤ˧-ʈʰɯ˩ I don't drink 我不喝 ʈʰɯ˩-ze˥ pfv 喝了 le˧-ʈʰɯ˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv ʐɯ˧ ʈʰɯ˩ to drink wine 喝酒 jɤ˧ ʈʰɯ˩ to smoke (tobacco) 抽烟 dʑɯ˩qʰæ˩ ʈʰɯ˩˥ to drink cold water 喝凉水 dʑɯ˩tsʰi˩ ʈʰɯ˩˥ to drink hot water 喝热水 li˩ ʈʰɯ˩ to drink tea 喝茶 v˩dʑɯ˩ ʈʰɯ˩˥ to drink soup 喝汤 dʑɯ˧ ʈʰɯ˧ to drink water 喝水 njɤ˧ | dʑɯ˧ ʈʰɯ˧-ze˧ I have drunk some water 我喝了水 njɤ˧ | dʑɯ˧ ʈʰɯ˧-zo˧-ho˩ I'm going to have to drink water. 我应该喝水了。 ʈʂɑ˧tɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ sign. 记号. object. ʈʂɑ˧tɑ˥ ʝi˩ to make a mark, to write a sign 写一个符号、画一个符号 ʈʂɑ˧tɑ˥ tɕi˩ to write signs, to make marks 写符号、画符号 ʈʂæ˧mo#˥ noun Tone: #H. poisonous_mushroom_sp. 一种有毒的菌子. plant. ʈʂæ˧mo˧-kʰi˧tɕʰɯ˩-mo˩ / kʰi˧tɕʰɯ˩-mo˩ same meaning 同上 Syn: kʰi˧tɕʰɯ˩-mo˩ ʈʂæ˧ʈʂɯ˧ adverb Tone: M. truthfully. 确切. abstract. ʈʂæ˧wɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: v˧ servant. 仆人. society. ʈʂæ˩do#˥ noun Tone: LM+#H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ butter_tea_churn/butter_churn. 酥油茶搅拌器/黄油搅乳器. object. ʈʂæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_rob. 抢劫. verb. le˧-ʈʂæ˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv 抢了 tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂæ˩ to steal things 抢东西 le˧-ʈʂæ˧-po˥-hɯ˩(-ze˩) [(S)he] stole away (something) 把东西抢走了 hĩ˧ ʈʂæ˩ to rob people, to steal from people 抢劫 ʈʂæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_send_someone. 派人. verb. ɖɯ˧-v˧ ʈʂæ˧˥ to send someone 派一个人 hĩ˧ ʈʂæ˩ as above 同上 ʈʂæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_set/to_attach. 安上. verb. pv˩ɭɯ˥ ʈʂæ˩ to sew a button 缝扣子 ʐwæ˧tɕi˥ ʈʂæ˩ to put a saddle on a horse, to saddle a horse 备鞍 ɖɯ˧-ɲi˥, | so˧-ʂɯ˧ ʈʂæ˧˥! In one day [of caravan journey], one saddles (horses) three times! （走马帮，）一天备鞍三次！ ʈʂæ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: ʈʂæ˧˥ articulation. 关节. body. period. 段. ʈʂæ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .ears_of_sweet_corn . 量词 .棒（玉米） . classifier. qʰɑ˧dze˧ | ɖɯ˧-ʈʂæ˧˥ an ear of sweet corn 一棒玉米 qʰɑ˧dze˧ | ɖɯ˧-ʈʂæ˧ ɖʐɤ˥ to pick an ear of sweet corn 掰一棒玉米 ʈʂe˥ noun Tone: #H. earth. 土壤. natural environment. ʈʂe˧ pv˩ dry earth 干土 ʈʂe˧ sɯ˧~sɯ˥ 'raw earth': immature soil, earth that has not been prepared for agriculture by adding manure, etc ‘生土’：没有经过加工（加肥料等等）的土，还不适合种农作物 ʈʂe˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ 针::needle. 针（ 借词） . object. See: ʁo˧˥ ʈʂe˧dɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: do˥ partition. 隔板. house. ʈʂe˧gi˥$ adverb Tone: H$. in_the_middle. 中间. space. ə˧-sɯ˩kv˩-ʈʂe˩gi˩ (in the space) between us, in the space that separates us 在咱们之间（的空间） ʈʂe˩ a verb Tone: La. to_pierce. 刺痛. verb. le˧-ʈʂe˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv tɕʰi˧-ɳɯ˧ ʈʂe˩-ze˩ to be pierced by a thorn, to catch a thorn 被刺所刺痛 tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂe˥ to pierce something 刺到一个东西 ʈʂe˩kʰɯ˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: ɭɯ˧ seam. 缝. object. ʈʂe˩ʂwæ˧˥ noun Tone: LM+MH#. gravel. 砾石. natural environment. ʈʂɤ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_count. 算. verb. ʈʂɤ˧~ʈʂɤ˩ red 重叠：算一算 ɖɯ˧-ʈʂɤ˥~ʈʂɤ˩-ɻ˩ to do some counting, to take a count 算一下 tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂɤ˩ to count things 数东西 hĩ˧ ʈʂɤ˩ to count people 数人 bo˩ ʈʂɤ˧ to count pigs 数猪 le˧-ʈʂɤ˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv 数了 to_count. 算命. verb. le˧-ʈʂɤ˥~ʈʂɤ˩ to do divination, to do fortune-telling 算命 ɖɯ˧-ʈʂɤ˥~ʈʂɤ˩-ɻ˩ to do some fortune-telling 算一下命 ɲi˧ŋwɤ˩hɑ̃˩tʰɑ˩ | ɖɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ | ʈʂɤ˧-bi˧! (We are) going to look for an auspicious day (for an event such as a wedding or the building of a house) 要掐算一下日子 kɯ˧ ʈʂɤ˧, | hɑ̃˧ ʈʂɤ˧ to look for an auspicious day for an important event; literally: "to count stars, to count days" 掐算一下。直译：“算星星，算日子”。 to_count_as. 当作. hĩ˧ ɖɯ˧-v˧ ʈʂɤ˧-ze˧! (She/he) now counts as a (grown-up) person! / (She/he) can now be considered an adult! (A comment typically made when a child reaches adulthood, at age 13.) 变成大人了！（十三岁成年礼时常用的一句话） dʑɤ˩ ʈʂɤ˧ to be good, to count as good, to be considered as good 算是很好的 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | õ˧-bv˥-õ˩ | dʑɤ˩ʈʂɤ˧ (+ | ʐwæ˩˥) He thinks highly of himself! / He is proud of himself / conceited! 他觉得自己很了不起！ hɤ˩ ʈʂɤ˩˥ to count as remarkable, to be considered as remarkable 算很了不起的，算很能干的 ɖwæ˧˥ | hɤ˩ ʈʂɤ˩˥ same meaning 同上 ʈʂʰɯ˧ | gi˧zɯ˧ ʈʂɤ˧-tso˧-ɲi˥. He has the status of little brother! (Comment made to emphasize someone's role in the family.) 他是做弟弟的！（强调该人的社会角色） ʈʂʰɯ˧ | gi˧zɯ˧ ʈʂɤ˧-ɲi˥! He has the status of little brother! (Comment made to emphasize someone's role in the family.) 他是做弟弟的！（强调该人的社会角色） ʈʂʰɯ˧ | bɤ˧ ʈʂɤ˧-tso˧-ɲi˥! He/she is Pumi! (Comment made to emphasize this aspect of someone's identity.) 他是普米族！（强调该人的民族） ʈʂʰɯ˧ | nɑ˩ ʈʂɤ˧-tso˧-ɲi˥! He/she is Na! (Comment made to emphasize this aspect of someone's identity.) 他是摩梭人！（强调该人的民族身份） ʈʂʰɯ˧ | æ˧mv˩ ʈʂɤ˩-ɲi˩! She has the status of elder sister! / He has the status of elder brother! (Comment made to emphasize someone's role in the family.) 她是做姐姐的！ / 他是做哥哥的！（强调该人的社会角色） ʈʂʰɯ˧ | gi˧zɯ˧-go˩mi˩ ʈʂɤ˩-ɲi˩! They are brothers and sisters! 他们是（兄）弟（姐）妹！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ | æ˧mv˧-go˧mi˥ | ʈʂɤ˧-tso˧ mɤ˧-ɲi˥! | mɤ˧-ʈʂɤ˧! They can't be considered as brothers and sisters! / They are not actually brothers and sisters! 他们不算是兄弟姐妹！ ʈʂo˧kʰɯ˩ noun Tone: L#. name_of_ritual. 忠克仪式. religion. ʈʂo˧ɭɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: nɑ˧ hand_grindstone. 手推磨. object. ʈʂo˧ɭɯ˧-nv˥mi˩ the axis of the grindstone (literally: its hear) 手推磨的轴心 ʈʂo˧ɭɯ˧ʈʂo˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. classifier: mi˩ a_water_insect. 一种水虫. animal. ʈʂo˧ʂɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. village_name. 忠实村. place name. ɖæ˩ʂɯ#˥, | ʈʂo˧ʂɯ#˥, | bɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩˥, | dɑ˧pʰo˥, | bɤ˧dzi˩, | dze˧bo˧ the six villages of the plain of Yongning, in traditional order: by order of increasing distance from the Lake 永宁坝的六个村落，按传统排序：从距离泸沽湖最近的村落说起。 ʈʂo˧tsɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pɤ˩ From: Chinese 桌子 . 桌子::table. 桌子（ 借词） . object. See: sɯ˧ɻæ˧ ʈʂo˩ classifier Tone: L. clf .meals . 量词 .顿 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-ʈʂo˩ tʰi˩-pæ˩ | to serve a meal, to set a meal 摆饭，摆饭桌 ʐo˩˥, | njɤ˧ ɖɯ˧-ʈʂo˩ pæ˩-bi˩! For lunch, I will serve a (whole) meal! / I'm taking charge of lunch! 我来管午饭这一顿！ hɑ˧ ɖɯ˧-ʈʂo˩ a meal 一顿饭 ʈʂo˩bo˩ noun Tone: L. classifier: do˥ earthen_wall. 土墙. house. ʈʂo˩bo˩ ti˥ to build a wall of earth, by pounding the earth 垒墙 ʈʂo˩mv˩ noun Tone: L. fine_sand. 沙子. natural environment. ʈʂɻ˥ verb Tone: H. to_cough. 咳嗽. verb. ʈʂʰɯ˧ | tʰi˧-ʈʂɻ˥-dʑo˩ (S)he is coughing. 他在咳嗽 ʈʂɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ claws. 爪子. animal. See: kv˧ʈʂɯ˧˥ ʈʂɯ˧dzi˩ noun Tone: L#. : dzi˩ varnish_tree. 漆树. plant. ʈʂɯ˧fv#˥ noun Tone: #H. From: Chinese 知府 . local_government. 知府（ 借词） . society. no˧ | ɬi˧di˩-ʈʂɯ˩fv˩-ni˩-zo˩! You think you're the local government, hey?! (A criticism to people who keep telling others how they should behave, as if they lorded it over everyone else.) 你像永宁土知府！ / 你是永宁土知府吧！（批评独断的人、一手包办的人） no˧ | ʈʂɯ˧fv˧-mi˧-ni˧˥ | -zo˩! You are the Princess of Yongning, hey?! (Criticism addressed to an overbearing woman) 你好像是永宁大公主！ / 你好像是永宁知府女主人！（批评一个独断的女人） ʈʂɯ˧mɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. From: Chinese 芝麻 . 芝麻::sesame. 芝麻（ 借词） . plant. ʈʂɯ˧mɤ˩, | ɬi˧di˩ | mɤ˧-tʰv˧-ɲi˥! Sesame does not grow in Yongning! / Sesame isn't grown in Yongning! 永宁不产芝麻！ ʈʂɯ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_sift. 筛. verb. le˧-ʈʂɯ˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv ɖɯ˧-ʈʂɯ˧-ɻ˥ delimitative _ inceptive delimitative _ inceptive ʈʂv˧di˧˥ noun Tone: MH#. village_name. 村落名. place name. ʈʂv˧pɤ˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: nɑ˧ cutting_board. 菜板. object. ʈʂv˧tɕɯ˥ noun Tone: H#. spittle. 痰. body. ʈʂv˩ adjective Tone: L. peaceful. 平和的. adjective. kʰv˧ ʈʂv˧˥ a peaceful, soft astrological sign, such as the Ox, the Rabbit and the Goat 平和的生肖，如牛、兔、羊 ʈʂv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_contaminate. 传染. verb. hĩ˧ ʈʂv˥-ho˩ (the disease) is going to contaminate someone / is going to contaminate people （病毒）会传染人的 ʈʂv˧~ʈʂv˥ red 重叠 ʈʂv˧~ʈʂv˥-ɻ˩ ho˩ (the disease) is going to contaminate (people) （病毒）会传染的。 njɤ˧-ɳɯ˧ | no˧ ʈʂv˧-ʝi˥! (Be careful,) I may contaminate you / pass on my cold to you! （要小心：）我会传染你的！ ʈʂv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_light. 点. verb. ʈʂv˩dʑɯ˥ noun Tone: LH. sweat. 汗. body. ʈʂv˩˥ noun Tone: LH. sweat. 汗. body. ʈʂv˧ bv˧nv˩ smelling of sweat, reeking of sweat 有汗（臭）的味道 ʈʂwɑ˧~ʈʂwɑ˧-nɑ˧~nɑ#˥ adjective Tone: #H. mixed. 杂. adjective. ʈʂwɑ˧~ʈʂwɑ˧-nɑ˧~nɑ˧-hĩ˥ rel /nmlz 混杂的 ʈʂwɑ˧~ʈʂwɑ˧-nɑ˧~nɑ˧-ɻ˥ messy 混杂 ʈʂwæ˥ a classifier Tone: Ha. clf .journeys . 量词 .征途/趟 . classifier. ɖɯ˧-ɲi˥ | ɖɯ˧-ʈʂwæ˧ bi˧ to go once a day, to go one time each day 一天去一趟 ʈʂwæ˧~ʈʂwæ˧ verb Tone: M. to_mix. 搅拌混合. verb. ʈʂwæ˩ho˧ɻ˧ noun Tone: LM. From: Chinese 钻 . 钻::drill. 钻子. object. ʈʂwæ˩~ʈʂwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_hold_by_the_hand. 手拉手. verb. le˧-ʈʂwæ˧~ʈʂwæ˧-ze˧! accomp red pfv accomp red pfv ʈʂwæ˩~ʈʂwæ˧-ɻ˥ red inceptive red inceptive ʈʂwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_set_up. 安装. verb. tjɤ˧hwɑ˧ ʈʂwæ˥ to set up the telephone, to put up a telephone line (in a house that did not have it before) 安装电话（座机） le˧-ʈʂwæ˧˥ le˧-tse˧-ze˧! It's installed! / It is now well installed! 装好了！ to_repair. 补（牙）. verb. hi˧ ʈʂwæ˩ to cure a tooth 补牙、修好坏牙 hi˧ | le˧-ʈʂwæ˧-ze˥! The tooth is cured! 牙补好了！ to_tie. 结线. verb. kʰɯ˩ ʈʂwæ˩˥ to tie pieces of thread together 结线 ʈʂwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_savour. 欣赏. verb. no˧ | li˩ ʈʂwæ˧-ɻ˥! | Please enjoy a cup of tea! (A polite invitation) 请您品一点茶！（礼貌说法） ʐɯ˧ F | ʈʂwæ˧˥! | li˩˥ F | ʈʂwæ˧˥! hɑ˧ F | ʈʂwæ˧˥! Wine is something to be savoured! Tea is something to be savoured! Food is something to be savoured! (An explanation about the use of the verb.) 酒，是可以品尝的！茶，是可以品尝的！饭，是可以品尝的！（关于‘品尝’这个动词的说明） hɑ˧ ʈʂwæ˩ to savour food 品尝食物 li˩ ʈʂwæ˧˥ to savour tea 品茶 ʐɯ˧ ʈʂwæ˧˥ to savour wine 品酒 ə˩kʰɯ˩ ʈʂwæ˥ to savour turnip (an ironic but fully acceptable statement) 尝尝圆根（玩笑话，因为圆根没有什么滋味） ʈʂwɤ˧ a classifier Tone: Ma. clf .handfuls . 量词 .捧 . classifier. ʈʂwɤ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_stratch. 抓. verb. tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂwɤ˩ to scratch objects 抓东西 ʈʂwɤ˧~ʈʂwɤ˩ verb Tone: M. to_touch. 触碰. verb. ə˧tso˧ mɤ˧-ɲi˩ ʈʂwɤ˧~ʈʂwɤ˩! You really touch all and everything, don't you! (Mildly scolding a baby that crawls around on a table and grabs every object in turn) 你什么都碰，是吗！（小孩爬在桌子上，试着拿每个东西） ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˧ verb Tone: M. to_chat. 谈天. verb. hĩ˧-qɑ˩ ʈʂʰɑ˩lɑ˩ to have a chat with someone 跟人聊天 ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˧ ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˥ to have a small chat 聊聊天 njɤ˧ | no˧-qɑ˧ ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˥ I tell you, I narrate to you 我给你讲、我跟你聊聊天 ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˧-mv˧lɑ˩ verb Tone: M. to_chat. 谈天. verb. ʈʂʰɑ˧lɑ˧-mv˧lɑ˩-ɻ˩ to have a chat 聊聊天 ʈʂʰɑ˧nɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. name_of_a_spring. 一眼山泉的名字. place name. qv˧ɻ˧-ʈʂʰɑ˧nɑ˥# the full name of the mountain 山的全名，包括水泉名 kɤ˧mv˧˥, | æ˧ʂæ˧, | ŋwɤ˧hɑ̃˩, | ʂwæ˧gv#˥, | nɑ˩tsʰi˩˥ | -tɕʰɤ˧pɤ˧mi#˥, | qv˧ɻ˧-ʈʂʰɑ˧nɑ˥ | The six mountains of Yongning that carry a name and have a definite symbolic value. The other mountains do not have comparable symbolic value, and fewer people use specific names for them. 永宁地区有固定名字的六座山。其它的山，因为没有重要的象征意义，因此没有取名。 ʈʂʰæ˥ verb Tone: H. to_wash. 洗. verb. dʑi˧hṽ˧ ʈʂʰæ˧ to wash clothes 洗衣服 bɑ˩lɑ˩ ʈʂʰæ˩˥ to wash shirts 洗上衣 ɬi˧qʰwɤ˩ ʈʂʰæ˩ to wash trousers 洗裤子 gv˧mi˧ ʈʂʰæ˧ to wash oneself, to take a bath/shower 洗澡 gv˧mi˧ ʈʂʰæ˧~ʈʂʰæ˧ to wash oneself a bit, to do a quick clean-up 洗一下身体 hɑ˧ ʈʂʰæ˧ to rinse cereals (before cooking) 淘洗粮食 ɕi˧ʈʂʰwæ˧ ʈʂʰæ˧(-ze˩) to rinse rice (before cooking) 淘米 ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ#˥ noun Tone: #H. medicine. 药. food. ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧ ʈʰɯ˧˥ to take a medicine; literally "to drink a medicine" 吃药（直译：“喝药”） ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧ lɑ˩ to spread pesticides (in an orchard, a vegetable garden or a field) 打农药 ʈʂʰæ˧ɣɯ˧-ki˩-hĩ˩-hĩ˩ noun Tone: °L. classifier: v˧ doctor. 医生. society. ʈʂʰæ˧mi˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: pʰo˧˥ doe. 母马鹿. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧nɑ˥ noun Tone: H#. classifier: pʰo˧˥ black_stag. 黑鹿. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧pʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: pʰo˧˥ male_deer. 公马鹿. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧qʰv˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: ɭɯ˧ antlers. 鹿角. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧sɯ˩ adverb unfortunate. 可惜. set phrase. ʈʂʰæ˧sɯ˩! It's a pity! 可惜！ ʈʂʰæ˧~ʈʂʰæ˧ adjective Tone: M. solid/reliable. 结实/可靠. adjective. ʈʂʰæ˧zo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ baby_deer. 小鹿. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: pʰo˧˥ deer. 马鹿. animal. ʈʂʰæ˧˥ classifier Tone: MH. clf .generation . 量词 .代 . verb. ʈʂʰe˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_stretch. 伸. verb. le˧-ʈʂʰe˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv mv˩tɕo˧ ʈʂʰe˧ to stretch down 向下伸展 lo˩qʰwɤ˧ | ə˩pʰo˩ ʈʂʰe˩˥ to strech one's hand outside (e.g. out the window) 手伸到外边 tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂʰe˧ to extend something, to stick out something (e.g. to extend a cane out the window of a car) 伸出一个东西，如：从车窗里伸出一个棍子 ʈʂʰe˧~ʈʂʰe˧ classifier Tone: M. Etym: ʈʂʰe˧b. Probably from the verb 'to stretch' clf .widths . 量词 .一面（墙） . classifier. ʈʂʰɤ˧zo˥-ʈʂʰɤ˩mv˩ noun Tone: H#-L. love_child. 没有名分的孩子/私生子. society. ə˧dɑ˥ | ɲi˩-ɲi˥ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥ | ʈʂʰɯ˧-v˧, | ʈʂʰɤ˧zo˥-ʈʂʰɤ˩mv˩ mv˩ʈʂæ˩. Someone who does not know who his father is, is called a "love child". 一个人不知道他父亲是谁，就称作“私生子”。 ə˧ʝi˧-ʂɯ˥ʝi˩, | ʈʂʰɤ˧zo˥-ʈʂʰɤ˩mv˩ ʐɤ˩hĩ˩-lɑ˩ ɲi˩! In the past, one used to bring up love children, and that was that! / In the past, one used to bring up love children without making any fuss! 过去，大家会公开把“私生子”养大，不会大惊小怪的！ ʈʂʰɤ˩ a verb Tone: La. to_share. 分. verb. ɖɯ˧-v˧ ɖɯ˧-kʰwɤ˥ | le˧-ʈʂʰɤ˧~ʈʂʰɤ˥ to share: one piece for each person 平分 ʈʂʰɤ˩ho˥ noun Tone: LH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ kettle. 水壶. object. ʈʂʰɤ˩kɤ˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: ɭɯ˧ goblet. 缸子. object. ʈʂʰɤ˩qo˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ attention. 关注. abstract. ʈʂʰɤ˩qo˧ kʰɯ˧˥ to pay attention to, to care for 关心、关注 ʈʂʰɤ˩qo˧ | ɖwæ˧˥ | tʰi˧-kʰɯ˧˥ to pay great attention to, to care greatly for (e.g. a grandmother paying great attention to a little child's feeding) 很关心、很关注 ʈʂʰɤ˩qo˧ | mɤ˧-kʰɯ˧˥ to pay little attention to, not to care for 不关心、不关注 ʈʂʰɤ˩tɕʰɯ˩ adjective Tone: L. admirable. 值得崇拜. adjective. ʈʂʰɤ˩~ʈʂʰɤ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_touch. 抚摸. verb. ʈʂʰɤ˩ʈʂʰɤ˧ mɤ˥-tʰɑ˩! One must not touch! 禁止触碰！ tʰɑ˧-ʈʂʰɤ˩ʈʂʰɤ˩! Do not touch! 别碰！ tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂʰɤ˥ʈʂʰɤ˩ to touch something 抚摸东西 ʈʂʰo˥ verb Tone: H. to_pray. 拜. verb. ʈʂʰo˧do˩ ʈʂʰo˩ to pray to the spirit of the home 祭祀祖先 hĩ˧-mo˥, | zo˩qo˧ ʂɯ˧, | zo˩qo˧-ɳɯ˧ ʈʂʰo˧-zo˧! Deceased members of the family are honoured at the place where they passed away! 要在家人去世地点进行祭拜！ ʈʂʰo˧ b verb Tone: Mb. to_read_aloud. 朗读. verb. le˧-ʈʂʰo˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv 朗读了 le˧-ʈʂʰo˧-le˧-se˩ (I) have finished reading aloud 朗读完了。 tʰæ˧ɻæ˩ ʈʂʰo˩ to read a book aloud 朗读一本书 ʈʂʰo˧~ʈʂʰo˧ red 重叠 ʈʂʰo˧bɤ#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧˥ masculine_clothing. 男上衣. object. ʈʂʰo˧bv˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: dzi˩ calamus. 菖蒲. plant. ʈʂʰo˧do˩ noun Tone: L#. classifier: ɭɯ˧ eminence_symbolizing_the_ancestors. 祖先灵位. house. ʈʂʰo˧lo#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ large_frying_pan. 平底大锅. object. ʈʂʰɻ ideophone ideo_Pssshhh! . 噗嗤！. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɻ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: ɭɯ˧ ploughshare. 铧头. agriculture. ʈʂʰɻ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧-ɭɯ˧ n + dem + clf 这把铧头 ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_grasp. 握. verb. sɯ˩tʰi˩˥ | (ɖɯ˧)-nɑ˧ | tʰi˧-ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ (+dʑo˩) to grasp a knife 手里握刀 ʈʂʰɻ˧ mɤ˧-bi˧! I won't grasp (this knife, ...) 我不要拿（刀）！ lo˩qʰwɤ˧ ʈʂʰɻ˩~ʈʂʰɻ˩ | to tighten the fist 攥紧拳头 ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ noun Tone: MH. classifier: ɭɯ˧ lung. 肺. body. ʈʂʰɻ˧˥ a classifier Tone: MHa. clf .handfuls/balls . 量词 .掐/团 . classifier. -ʈʂʰɯ˥ suffix Tone: #H. top(°dem .prox) . 主题(°指示 .近指) . morphosyntax. See: ʈʂʰɯ˥1 See: ʈʂʰɯ˥2 ʈʂʰɯ˥ pronoun Tone: #H. dem .prox . 这 指示 .近指 . morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧ ɲi˥! This is it! / That's it! / That's right! 是这个！ / 对的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧-v#˥ this one 这个 ʈʂʰɯ˧=ɻæ˥ these things 这些 See: ʈʂʰɯ˥2 See: -ʈʂʰɯ˥ ʈʂʰɯ˥ pronoun Tone: #H. 3sg . 他. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧ ɲi˥! That's her/him! 是他！ See: ʈʂʰɯ˥1 See: -ʈʂʰɯ˥ ʈʂʰɯ˧-gɤ˧ adverb Tone: M. here. 这里. space. See: ʈʂʰɯ˧gi#˥ ʈʂʰɯ˧gi#˥ adverb Tone: #H. here. 这边. morphosyntax. See: ʈʂʰɯ˧-gɤ˧ ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ adverb Tone: MH#. thus. 这样. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ | le˧-ʐwɤ˩! This is how it's said! 是这样讲的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ | le˧-pi˥! This is how it's said! 是这样说的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ne˧-ʝi˥ | le˧-ʝi˥! This is how it's done! 是这样做的！ ʈʂʰɯ˧qɑ˧ adverb together. 一起. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧-qo˧ adverb Tone: M. here. 这里. space. ʈʂʰɯ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩ pronoun Tone: °L. : 3rd person plural 3pl . 他们. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧-sɯ˩-kv˩-bv˩ | mɤ˧-sɯ˥! (We) don't know about their business! / (We) are not privy to their family affairs! 我们不知道他们的事！ ʈʂʰɯ˧ʂo˧ adverb this_morning. 今天早上. time. ʈʂʰɯ˧tɕi˩ pronoun Tone: L#. 3pl . 他们. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰɯ˧zɯ˩ pronoun Tone: L#. 3du . 他们两个. morphosyntax. ʈʂʰv˧ noun Tone: M. breakfast. 早饭. time. ʈʂʰv˧ dzɯ˧(-ze˩) to have breakfast, to eat breakfast 吃早饭 bæ˧qʰæ˧ ʈʂʰv#˥ The breakfast shared when coming back from the cremation ceremony. Guests stop at the house of the deceased, where they are offered breakfast before they set home. 丧礼早餐：参加火葬仪式的人留在去世的人家，一起吃一点早饭再回家。 ʈʂʰv˧dʑɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: kʰwɤ˥ dyestuff. 染料. object. dʑi˧hṽ˧-ʈʂʰv˧dʑɯ˧ dyestuff for clothes 衣服染料 ʈʂʰv˧dʑɯ˧ | hṽ˩-hĩ˩˥ red dyestuff 红色的染料 ʈʂʰv˧mi˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: v˧ wife. 太太. society. ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˥$ noun Tone: H$. classifier: mi˩ ant. 蚂蚁. animal. ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˧ | tɕi˩-hĩ˩˥ small ant 小蚂蚁 ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˧qʰv#˥ noun Tone: #H. classifier: ɭɯ˧ ant_nest. 蚂蚁巢. animal. ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˧qʰv˧ ɲi˥! It's an ant nest! 是蚂蚁巢！ See: ʈʂʰv˧ɻ˥$ ʈʂʰv˩ verb Tone: MH. to_complete. 完成. verb. le˧-ʈʂʰv˩-se˩ accomp _ cmpl 完成了 tsʰi˧-ɲi˧-bv˧ | lo˧ | le˧-ʈʂʰv˩! | le˧-se˩-ze˩! Today's work is completed! It's finished! 今天的工作完成了！就算完工了吧！ ʈʂʰv˩ verb Tone: L. to_set_aside. 除开. verb. gɤ˩-ʈʂʰv˧, | mv˩-ʈʂʰv˧-tsæ˩-ɲi˩ to set aside, to distinguish, not to mix 不算在里面、不算在一起 no˧-bv˧ | gɤ˩-ʈʂʰv˧! | njɤ˧-bv˧, | mv˩-ʈʂʰv˧! Your stuff belongs to you; and mine belongs to me! 你的算你的，我的算我的！ ʈʂʰv˩ a verb Tone: La. to_dye. 染. verb. mɤ˧-ʈʂʰv˩ neg neg ʈʂʰv˩ mɤ˩-bi˩˥! _ neg fut_imm _ neg fut_imm tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂʰv˥ to dye things 染东西 ʈʂʰv˩~ʈʂʰv˩˧ verb to_wipe. 擦. verb. ʈʂʰv˩~ʈʂʰv˩-ze˧ red pfv red pfv le˧-ʈʂʰv˩~ʈʂʰv˩-ze˩ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv tso˧~tso˧ ʈʂʰv˥~ʈʂʰv˩ to wipe things 擦东西 ʈʂʰv˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_add_water. 掺和. verb. le˧-ʈʂʰv˧-ze˥ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv dʑɯ˩ ʈʂʰv˩˥ to add water (e.g. in a pot) 加水（如：往锅里添加水） ʈʂʰwæ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_rot. 腐烂. verb. ʈʂʰwæ˧-ze˧ pfv 烂了 le˧-ʈʂʰwæ˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv hĩ˧-ɳɯ˩ | mɤ˧-dzɯ˥, | le˧-ʈʂʰwæ˧-ze˧! | No one ate it, and now it's rotten! (About a water melon that was forgotten in the cupboard.) 没人吃，就烂了！（一个西瓜被忘记在橱柜里，就腐烂了） ʈʂʰwæ˧ a verb Tone: Ma. to_wake_up. 醒来. verb. le˧-ʈʂʰwæ˧-ze˧ accomp _ pfv accomp _ pfv gɤ˩ʈʂʰwæ˧ to wake up 醒来 gɤ˩ʈʂʰwæ˧-ze˧! [(S)he] has woken up! 醒来了！ ʈʂʰwæ˧-bv˧nv#˥ adjective Tone: #H. rotten. 有臭味. adjective. ʈʂʰwæ˧-bv˧nv˧ ɲi˥! It stinks! / It smells rotten! 臭了、有臭味道了 ʈʂʰwæ˧kɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ net. 网. agriculture. ʈʂʰwæ˧kɯ˧ tʰv˧-nɑ˩ n + dem + clf 这个网 ʈʂʰwæ˧tsɯ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ From: Chinese 窗子 . window. 窗户. house. ʈʂʰwæ˧ʈʂʰwæ˧ noun Tone: M. classifier: nɑ˧ cymbals. 钹. music. ʈʂʰwæ˩ a adjective Tone: La. rapid. 快. adjective. ʈʂʰwæ˩-hĩ˩˥ rel / nmlz 快的 ɲi˧to˧ ʈʂʰwæ˩ who has a loose tongue, to talks too much 嘴快 ʈʂʰwæ˩tsʰɯ˩ verb Tone: L. From: Chinese 创造 . 创造::to_create. 创造（ 借词） . verb. ʈʂʰwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_hide. 藏. verb. ʈʂʰwæ˧˥ verb Tone: MH. to_stab. 戳. verb. ʈʂʰwæ˩˧ noun Tone: LM. classifier: nɑ˧ From: Chinese 船 . 船::boat. 船（ 借词） . object. ʈʂʰwɤ˧tsʰi˧˥ adjective Tone: MH#. narrow. 窄. adjective. ʈʂʰwɤ˩ noun Tone: L. dinner. 晚饭. time. ʈʂʰwɤ˩ gv˩˥ to cook dinner 做晚饭 ʈʂʰwɤ˩ tʰv˩˥ to take charge of dinner, to prepare dinner, to provide dinner (this can refer to providing the ingredients for the meal, not necessarily preparing it oneself) 请吃晚饭，提供晚餐（不一定自己做：意思是提供原料） ʈʂʰwɤ˩ dzɯ˩˥ to eat dinner 吃晚饭